… abolish the AngII increase in JNK activity 59 (MA Fleegal and C Sumners, unpubl. data, …
AngII increases Cdc42 activity in neuronal cultures (MA Fleegal and C Sumners, unpubl. data, …

Expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which leads to the production of nitric
oxide (NO), is stimulated by proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and …

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a metabolic and physiological barrier important for maintaining
brain homeostasis. The aim of this study was to determine the role of PKC activation in …

Hypertension is involved in the exacerbation of stroke. It is unclear how blood-brain barrier (BBB)
tight-junction (TJ) and ion transporter proteins critical for maintaining brain …

Muscarinic autoreceptors regulate acetylcholine (ACh) release in several brain regions,
including the medial pontine reticular formation (mPRF). This study tested the hypothesis that …

… Male CD-1 mice (6 weeks old) were used in all experiments (Charles River, Wilmington,
MA). Food and water were available ad libitum. The mice were maintained in a temperature-…

Hypertensive encephalopathy occurs when acute changes in blood pressure cause
breakdown of the blood—brain barrier (BBB). Angiotensin II (Ang II) plays a role in this …

… To create the Percoll gradient, 33% Percoll solution (8 mL Percoll, 14.4 mL phosphate
buffered saline (PBS), 0.8 mL plasma derived serum (PDS), and 0.8 mL 10X PBS) was …

… Adult male rats were purchased from Charles River Laboratories (Wilmington, MA). Rats
were housed individually in light-controlled facilities. Animals were fed ad libitum and had free …

ACETYLCHOLINE (ACh) in the medial pontine reticular formation (mPRF) originates from
the laterodorsal and pedunculopontine tegmental (LDT/PPT) nuclei and contributes to …