Objective To describe the relapse curve and rate of long‐term prolonged abstinence among
smokers who try to quit without treatment. Method Systematic literature review. Data sources …

A workgroup formed by the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco reviewed the
literature on abstinence measures used in trials of smoking cessation interventions. We …

… warrant separate review papers, (c) factor analyses suggest the symptoms included in the
present review are correlated with each other but not with the excluded symptoms (Hughes, in …

… Hughes JR: Defining the dependent smoker: Validity and clinical utility. Behav Med Abst
1985;5:202-204. Herning RI, Jones RT, Benowitz NL, Mines AH: How a cigarette is smoked …

Qbiective: The aim ofthis study was to assess the efficacy ofa behavioral treatment program
for achieving initial cocaine abstinence in individuals enrolled in outpatient treatment for …

Electrical activity of each brain region is homeostatically regulated, resulting in predictable
frequency composition of the background EEG. Replicated normative databases have …

… Budney AJ, Moore BA, Vandrey R, Hughes JR: The time course and significance of
cannabis withdrawal. J Abnorm Psychol 2003; 112:393–402Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar …

… ), and may be clinically significant (Hughes & Hatsukami, 1986). Many of these appear to
be withdrawal effects in that they are time limited (Hughes et al., 1991; Hughes et al., 1990). …

Objective The authors compared the efficacy of a multicomponent behavioral treatment and
drug abuse counseling for cocaine-dependent individuals. Method The 38 patients were …

• Smokers (n = 315) who wished to quit were randomly assigned in a double-blind manner
to groups using either nicotine or placebo gum. Self-reported and observed symptoms of …