Cisplatin is one of the most widely used and most potent chemotherapy drugs. However, side
effects in normal tissues and organs, notably nephrotoxicity in the kidneys, limit the use of …

The mechanism of mitochondrial damage, a key contributor to renal tubular cell death
during acute kidney injury, remains largely unknown. Here, we have demonstrated a striking …

Kerr et al (1) in 1972 coined the term “apoptosis,” an ancient Greek word used to describe
the “falling off” of leaves from trees or petals from flowers, referring to the particular …

Mitochondrial injury, characterized by outer membrane permeabilization and consequent
release of apoptogenic factors, is a key to apoptosis of mammalian cells. Bax and Bak, two …

Electronic Health Records (EHRs) are entirely controlled by hospitals instead of patients,
which complicates seeking medical advices from different hospitals. Patients face a critical …

Autophagy mediates bulk degradation and recycling of cytoplasmic constituents to maintain
cellular homeostasis. In response to stress, autophagy is induced and may either contribute …

Previous studies have suggested more than 20 genetic intervals that are associated with
susceptibility to type 1 diabetes (T1D) 1 , 2 , but identification of specific genes has been …

Cinnamic acid and its derivatives possess various biological effects in remedy of many
diseases. Interaction of cinnamic acid and its hydroxyl derivatives, p-coumaric acid and caffeic …

AKI is pathologically characterized by sublethal and lethal damage of renal tubules. Under
these conditions, renal tubular cell death may occur by regulated necrosis (RN) or apoptosis. …

Autophagy is induced in renal tubular cells during acute kidney injury; however, whether this
is protective or injurious remains controversial. We address this question by pharmacologic …