Statins inhibit 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase. They are
traditionally considered to be cholesterol-lowering agents, but in recent years more and more …

The draft genome of the pear (Pyrus bretschneideri) using a combination of BAC-by-BAC and
next-generation sequencing is reported. A 512.0-Mb sequence corresponding to 97.1% of …

The hereditary breast and ovarian cancer gene, BRCA1, encodes a large polypeptide that
contains the cysteine–rich RING motif, a zinc–binding domain found in a variety of regulatory …

Mare volcanics on the Moon are the key record of thermo-chemical evolution throughout
most of lunar history 1 , 2 – 3 . Young mare basalts—mainly distributed in a region rich in …

Blocking PD-1/PD-L1 signaling transforms cancer therapy and is assumed to unleash
exhausted tumor-reactive CD8 + T cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, recent …

The safety of CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)–based
genome editing in the context of human gene therapy is largely unknown. CCR5 is a …

Background Many patients with psoriatic arthritis have an inadequate response to tumor
necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors. Guselkumab, a specific inhibitor of interleukin-23 (IL-23) via IL-…

Background The interleukin-23 (IL-23)/T-helper 17 cell pathway is implicated in psoriatic
arthritis pathogenesis. Guselkumab, an IL-23 inhibitor that specifically binds the IL-23 p19 …

Transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) with a naturally occurring CCR5 mutation
confers a loss of detectable HIV-1 in the patient, making ablation of the CCR5 gene in …

10.7554/eLife.05733.001 Viral pathogens are a major threat to rice production worldwide.
Although RNA interference (RNAi) is known to mediate antiviral immunity in plant and animal …