Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) regulates both glucose metabolism
and bone mass. Recent evidence suggests that the therapeutic modulation of PPARγ activity …

During development, growth factors and hormones cooperate to establish the unique sizes,
shapes and material properties of individual bones. Among these, TGF-β has been shown to …

The effects of type 1 diabetes on de novo bone formation during tibial distraction osteogenesis
(DO) and on intact trabecular and cortical bone were studied using nonobese diabetic (…

Gonadal function plays a major role in bone homeostasis. It is widely held that the skeletal
consequences of hypogonadism are solely due to a loss of sex steroids; however, increases …

Skeletal metastases of breast cancer and subsequent osteolysis connote a dramatic change
in the prognosis for the patient and significantly increase the morbidity associated with …

Collagen is a major component of the extracellular matrix and its integrity is essential for
connective tissue and organ function. The importance of proteins involved in intracellular …

Mutations in CRTAP (coding for cartilage-associated protein), LEPRE1 (coding for prolyl 3-hydroxylase
1 [P3H1]) or PPIB (coding for Cyclophilin B [CYPB]) cause recessive forms of …

The platelet glycoprotein Ib-IX receptor binds surface-bound von Willebrand factor and
supports platelet adhesion to damaged vascular surfaces. A limited number of mutations within …

Trisomy 21 affects virtually every organ system and results in the complex clinical presentation
of Down syndrome (DS). Patterns of differences are now being recognized as patients’ …

Chronic alcohol abuse results in decreased bone mineral density (BMD), which can lead to
increased fracture risk. In contrast, low levels of alcohol have been associated with …