The β subunits of voltage-gated Na channels (Scnxb) regulate the gating of pore-forming α
subunits, as well as their trafficking and localization. In heterologous expression systems, β1, …

The NMDA-type glutamate receptor (NMDAR) is essential for synaptogenesis, synaptic
plasticity, and higher cognitive function. Emerging evidence indicates that NMDAR Ca 2+ …

The Scn8a gene encodes the voltage-gated Na channel α subunit Na V 1.6, which is widely
expressed throughout the nervous system. Global null mutations that eliminate Scn8a in all …

The dorsal raphe (DR) receives a prominent dopamine (DA) input that has been suggested
to play a key role in the regulation of central serotoninergic transmission. DA is known to …

Voltage-gated ion channels (VGICs) contain positively charged residues within the S4 helix
of the voltage-sensing domain (VSD) that are displaced in response to changes in …

NMDA receptors (NRs) are glutamate-gated calcium-permeable channels that are essential
for normal synaptic transmssion and contribute to neurodegeneration. Tetrameric proteins …

Pacemaker hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) ion channels exhibit
a reversed voltage-dependent gating, activating by membrane hyperpolarization instead of …

Protein kinase A (PKA) enhances synaptic plasticity in the central nervous system by increasing
NMDA receptor current amplitude and Ca 2+ flux in an isoform-dependent yet poorly …

Purkinje and cerebellar nuclear neurons both have Na currents with resurgent kinetics.
Previous observations, however, suggest that their Na channels differ in their susceptibility to …

Biological membranes are complex assemblies of lipids and proteins that serve as platforms
for cell signaling. We have developed a novel method for measuring the structure and …