Given the mounting evidence for involvement of δ opioid receptors in the tolerance and
physical dependence of μ opioid receptor agonists, we have investigated the possible physical …

Treatment of pain with opioids is limited by their potential abuse liability. In an effort to
develop analgesics without this side effect, a series of bivalent ligands containing a mu-opioid …

Numerous G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been shown to form heteromeric
receptors in cell-based assays. Among the many heteromers reported in the opioid receptor …

Five separate guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) were immunologically
identified in membranes from neuroblastoma x glioma NG108-15 hybrid cells. These alpha …

Morphine 3‐sulfate, which carries a polar, acidic group at the 3‐position much like morphine,
does not differ greatly in analgesic potency from morphine following intracerebroventricular …

Simultaneous action of morphine on supraspinal and spinal sites produces a multiplicative
interaction for antinociception which may be important for the analgesia produced by …

Basal contractility and responses to β-adrenoceptor activation are compromised in hearts
from rats with chronic portal vein stenosis. Here we report the effect of partial ligation of the …

Mice injected with morphine at both a supraspinal (intracerebroventricular)and a spinal (intrathecal)
site showed a multiplicative interaction between sites for the tail-flick analgesic …

This study describes the development and evaluation of novel polymer films that provide
controlled release of two vascular‐protective polyphenols for endovascular devices. …

When morphine and clonidine are coadministered into the spinal cord (intrathecally) the
resulting antinociception is greater than would be expected if the drug responses were additive; …