Androgens are essential for the development and maintenance of male reproductive tissues
and sexual function and for overall health and well being. Testosterone, the predominant …

The ETs (endothelins) comprise a family of three 21-amino-acid peptides (ET-1, ET-2 and
ET-3) and 31-amino-acid ETs (ET-1 1–31 , ET-2 1–31 and ET-3 1–31 ). ET-1 is synthesized …

Activation of TLRs (Toll-like receptors) induces gene expression of proteins involved in the
immune system response. TLR4 has been implicated in the development and progression of …

Objective: Sexual dimorphism has been observed in arterial hypertension. Blood pressure
levels are lower in female than in male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Angiotensin II …

Objective: Epidemiological studies suggest that intrauterine undernutrition plays an important
role in the development of arterial hypertension in adulthood. In an attempt to define the …

Objective: This study is aimed to explore whether gender plays a role in the generation of
nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion (O 2 − ) in microvessels of hypertensive rats (SHR), as …

In studies conducted in vitro, it has been demonstrated that estrogen has an antioxidant
potential that may contribute to its protective effects on the cardiovascular system. However, the …

Maternal undernutrition during critical periods of organ development is known to impair fetal
growth and predispose to the development of adulthood diseases, such as hypertension, …

Testosterone has been implicated in vascular remodeling associated with hypertension.
Molecular mechanisms underlying this are elusive, but oxidative stress may be important. We …

Development and progression of end-organ damage in hypertension have been associated
with increased oxidative stress. Superoxide anion accumulation has been reported in …