Byproducts of normal mitochondrial metabolism and homeostasis include the buildup of
potentially damaging levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), Ca 2+ , etc., which must be …

The mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) generated by proton pumps (Complexes I, III
and IV) is an essential component in the process of energy storage during oxidative …

Environmental stresses converge on the mitochondria that can trigger or inhibit cell death.
Excitable, postmitotic cells, in response to sublethal noxious stress, engage mechanisms that …

Unstable mitochondrial membrane potential and redox transitions can occur following insults
including ischemia/reperfusion injury and toxin exposure, with negative consequences for …

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), released from gut endocrine L cells in response to glucose,
regulates appetite, insulin secretion, and gut motility. How glucose given orally, but not …

Background—Primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) is a rare disease of unknown cause.
Although PPH and secondary pulmonary hypertension (SPH) share many clinical and …

Among the products of enteroendocrine cells are the incretins glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1,
secreted by L cells) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP, secreted by K …

Limitation of infarct size by ischemic/pharmacological pre- and postconditioning involves
activation of a complex set of cell-signaling pathways. Multiple lines of evidence implicate the …

Three isoforms (α1, α2, and α3) of the catalytic (α) subunit of the plasma membrane (PM) Na
+ pump have been identified in the tissues of birds and mammals. These isoforms differ in …

Primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) is a rare disease that is characterised by increased
pulmonary vascular resistance and arterial pressure, which lead to right heart failure and …