Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved, lysosome-dependent catabolic process whereby
cytoplasmic components, including damaged organelles, protein aggregates and lipid …

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been increasing worldwide.
Therefore, a novel therapeutic strategy by which to prevent T2DM is urgently required. Calorie …

Diabetic nephropathy is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease. Therefore, novel
therapies for the suppression of diabetic nephropathy must be developed. Rodent models …

Bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) have the capability under specific conditions of
differentiating into various cell types such as osteocytes, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. Here we …

… M-cluster formation. We also confirmed that the fifth generation M-clusters were still positive
for pluripotency markers and ALP staining. Furthermore, karyotypes of cells expanded from …

ABSTRACT. Numerous reports have demonstrated that oxidative stress induced by
diabetes plays an important role in the development and progression of diabetic vascular …

… /kg) and then perfused transcardially with 50 ml of 0.02 M phosphate-buffered solution (PB),
pH 7.4, followed by 400 ml of cold 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M PBS, pH 7.4. The lesion, …

… Male db/db mice and age-matched db/m mice were purchased from Clea Japan (Tokyo,
Japan). At 9 weeks of age, mice were divided into four groups: db/m mice, db/db mice, db/m …

… We repeatedly confirmed the ability of M-clusters to self-renew with normal karyotypes up to
the … We also injected M-clusters into immunodeficient mouse testes; as reported previously, …

Kidney fibrosis is the final common pathway of all progressive chronic kidney diseases, of
which diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (…