CYP2C9 is a polymorphic gene for which there are four known allelic variants; CYP2C9*1,CYP2C9*2,
CYP2C9*3, andCYP2C9*4. In the present study, DNA from 140 European …

The cytokine-mediated suppression of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes by inflammatory
disease and the relief of this suppression by successful disease treatment have recently …

Vitamin D 3 is critical for the regulation of calcium and phosphate homeostasis. In some
individuals, mineral homeostasis can be disrupted by long-term therapy with certain antiepileptic …

Exposure to cytokines can down-regulate hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes. Accordingly,
relief of inflammation by cytokinetargeted drug therapy has the potential to up-regulate …

Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) between therapeutic proteins (TPs) and small-molecule drugs
have recently drawn the attention of regulatory agencies, the pharmaceutical industry, and …

Long‐term therapy with certain drugs, especially cytochrome P450 (P450; CYP)‐inducing
agents, confers an increased risk of osteomalacia that is attributed to vitamin D deficiency. …

Retinoic acid (RA) is a critical signaling molecule that performs multiple functions required
to maintain cellular viability. It is also used in the treatment of some cancers. Enzymes in the …

A family of calcium-responsive protein kinases is abundant in plant cell extracts but has not
been identified in animals and fungi. These enzymes have a unique structure consisting of a …

There is considerable evidence that pregnancy changes the disposition of drugs in an enzyme-
and gestational stage–specific manner. On the basis of probe drug studies, the activity of …

Iron is a trace element important for the proper folding and function of various proteins.
Physiological regulation of iron stores is of critical importance for RBC production and …