Nonvolatile digital circuits that retain their logic states even when their power sources are
rapidly switched on and off would make possible a new type of computer. Although appearing …

The tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) effect in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) 1 , 2 is the
key to developing magnetoresistive random-access-memory (MRAM), magnetic sensors and …

Cerebrovascular disease is the third most common cause of death in developed countries,
but our understanding of the cells that compose the cerebral vasculature is limited. Here, …

Mural cells (MCs) consisting of vascular smooth muscle cells and pericytes cover the
endothelial cells (ECs) to regulate vascular stability and homeostasis. Here, we clarified the …

Magnetoresistance (MR) ratio up to 230% at room temperature (294% at 20 K) has been
observed in spin-valve-type magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) using MgO tunnel barrier layer …

When an electric current passes from one ferromagnetic layer via a non-magnetic layer into
another ferromagnetic layer, the spin polarization and subsequent rotation of this current can …

Fully epitaxial Co (001)/MgO (001)/Co (001) magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with
metastable bcc Co (001) electrodes were fabricated with molecular beam epitaxy. The MTJs …

We fabricated fully epitaxial Fe (001)/MgO (001)/Fe (001) magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs)
and observed a magneto-resistance (MR) ratio of 88% at T= 293 K (146% at T= 20 K), the …

Vascular diseases are major causes of death, yet our understanding of the cellular constituents
of blood vessels, including how differences in their gene expression profiles create …

The acid ionization of HCl in water is examined via a combination of electronic structure
calculations with ab initio molecular orbital methods and Monte Carlo computer simulations. The …