Rats' responses were reinforced on concurrent variable‐ratio variable‐ratio schedules in
which responses on one lever incremented the ratio counter and responses on a second lever …

… of the ratio of the stay to switch reinforcers per visit (MacDonall, 1999, 2000, 2003) and the
sum of the stay and switch reinforcers per visit (MacDonall, 2006). The reinforcers per visit for …

Behavioral sensitization to cocaine was tested for in rats pretreated with a nitric oxide (NO)
synthase inhibitor, Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) or 7-nitro indazole (7-NI). A 5-…

The effects of food satiation, ethanol concentration, and the schedule of ethanol availability
on the rate of ethanol consumption were investigated in rats. In Experiment 1 separate …

Behavioral sensitization to cocaine was tested for in rats pretreated with MK-801, a
noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, or D-3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl)-1…

… MacDonall exposed rats to the pair of schedules at one alternative of a concurrent procedure
and varied the parameters of the stay and switch schedules. The resulting run lengths, visit …

The functional consequences of cortical focal ischemia and the effect of monosialoganglioside
(GM1) treatment on learning/performance of a spatial reversal task were investigated. …

Performance on concurrent schedules can be decomposed to run lengths (the number of
responses before switching alternatives), or visit durations (time at an alternative before …

… Therefore, the present research focused on two additional models: the local model (MacDonall,
1999), which is based on contingencies at the alternative, and a model related to the …

The present experiment demonstrated that patterns of ethanol consumption can be controlled
by altering the schedule of ethanol availability. Thirty-two male albino rats, maintained at …