CD39, the endothelial ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase),
regulates vascular inflammation and thrombosis by hydrolyzing ATP and ADP. Although ecto-…

Recent studies have revealed that murine bone marrow-derived cultured mast cells (BMMC),
which are phenotypically immature mast cells, express functional TLR2 and TLR4 that …

Although reactive oxygen species (ROS) have long been considered to play pathogenic roles
in various disorders, this classic view is now being challenged by the recent discovery of …

Generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a rare inflammatory skin disease that can be life-threatening.
Recently, it has been reported that familial GPP is caused by homozygous or …

Staphylococcus aureus commonly colonizes the epidermis, but the mechanisms by which the
host senses virulent, but not commensal, S. aureus to trigger inflammation remain unclear. …

Urticarial rash observed in cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS) caused by
nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain–leucine-rich repeats containing pyrin domain 3 (…

PD-1 blockade exerts clinical efficacy against various types of cancer by reinvigorating T
cells that directly attack tumor cells (tumor-specific T cells) in the tumor microenvironment (TME)…

… PhD c , Kiyohide Fushimi MD, PhD d , Hiroyuki Matsue MD, PhD a , Hideo Yasunaga MD,
PhD b … Drs Konishi, Shimizu, Fushimi, Matsue, Yasunaga, and authors Kumazawa and Matsui …

The folate receptor mediates the uptake of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in certain cultured cells
by a process called potocytosis. When these cells are grown in physiological concentrations …

Osteopontin (OPN), originally discovered in bone as an extracellular matrix protein, was
identified in many cell types in the immune system, presumably being involved in many aspects …