Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a pathophysiological disorder that may involve multiple
clinical conditions and may be associated with a variety of cardiovascular and respiratory …

Our understanding of, and approach to, pulmonary arterial hypertension has undergone a
paradigm shift in the past decade. Once a condition thought to be dominated by increased …

In less than 20 years, the first selective type 5 phosphodiesterase inhibitor, sildenafil, has
evolved from a potential anti-angina drug to an on-demand oral treatment for erectile …

Background Sildenafil inhibits phosphodiesterase type 5, an enzyme that metabolizes cyclic
guanosine monophosphate, thereby enhancing the cyclic guanosine monophosphate–…

Background Uncontrolled studies suggested that aerosolized iloprost, a stable analogue of
prostacyclin, causes selective pulmonary vasodilatation and improves hemodynamics and …

Background Riociguat, a member of a new class of compounds (soluble guanylate cyclase
stimulators), has been shown in previous clinical studies to be beneficial in the treatment of …

Background Riociguat, a soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator, has been shown in a phase
2 trial to be beneficial in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Methods In this …

Background Current therapies for pulmonary arterial hypertension have been adopted on the
basis of short-term trials with exercise capacity as the primary end point. We assessed the …

… Ghofrani, MD, has received honoraria and acts as a consultant for Actelion, Bayer Schering,
Encysive, Ergonex, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, and Pfizer. Ronald J. Oudiz, MD, has served …

Progression of pulmonary hypertension is associated with increased proliferation and migration
of pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells. PDGF is a potent mitogen and involved in …