The forced swimming test is reviewed. This test appears to be suitable for detecting
antidepressant activity in rats but not in mice. Difference in experimental procedure may …

Chronically administered antidepressant drugs, particularly selective serotonin (5-HT) reuptake
inhibitors (SSRIs), are clinically effective in the treatment of all anxiety disorders, while …

Over the course of the last 50 years many models of major depressive disorder have been
developed on the basis of theoretical aspects of this disorder. These models and procedures …

The effect of manipulations aimed at modifying the function of the 5-HT system has been
reviewed. 5-HT uptake inhibitors are devoid of any activity in rats and induce an anti-immobility …

A 2A adenosine receptor antagonists are currently under investigation as potential therapeutic
agents for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this …

The behavioral “despair” test is widely used to study antidepressants, mainly on the theoretical
assumption that the test animal becomes desperate. In view of the above, we compared …

Flibanserin has preferential affinity for serotonin 5‐HT 1A , dopamine D 4 , and serotonin 5‐HT
2A receptors. In vitro and in microiontophoresis, flibanserin behaves as a 5‐HT 1A agonist…

Among animals from the same cage, mice removed last had a higher temperature compared
to those removed first. This phenomenon a) persisted 2 and 24 h later; b) was present …

Chronic restraint stress may change hippocampal mRNA levels of markers for synaptic
plasticity such as synaptophysin, growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43), and brain-derived …

Antidepressant-induced anti-immobility effects have been assessed in animals exposed or
not to a pretest session using the forced swimming test. Desipramine, maprotiline, mianserine …