THE purpose of this review is to evaluate recent developments in our understanding of the
inflammatory response to cardiac surgery. Scientific knowledge in this field is continually …

This article describes a systematic review on the research into postoperative cognitive
dysfunction (POCD) in noncardiac surgery to ascertain the status of the evidence and to examine …

Atelectasis occurs in the dependent parts of the lungs of most patients who are anesthetized.
Development of atelectasis is associated with decreased lung compliance, impairment of …

Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly combined with intravenous
morphine patient-controlled analgesia to relieve postoperative pain. NSAIDs have a …

Vascular air embolism is a potentially life-threatening event that is now encountered
routinely in the operating room and other patient care areas. The circumstances under which …

Background The authors tested the hypothesis that isoflurane directly preconditions myocardium
against infarction via activation of K(ATP) channels and that the protection afforded by …

Studies have shown that antifibrinolytic (aprotinin, tranexamic acid, epsilon-aminocaproic
acid) reduce blood loss in orthopedic surgery. However, most lacked sufficient power to …

HIGH-RESOLUTION ultrasound can provide direct realtime imaging of peripheral nerves and
identify tissue planes that permit favorable local anesthetic distribution for conduction block …

THE pain that accompanies thoracic surgery is notable for its intensity and duration. Acutely,
moderate to severe levels of pain may not decrease substantially over the course of …

THE idea that reflexes originating in the heart can play a role in normal physiology dates to
the 1860s. 1 Until the 1950s, these reflexes, and the Bezold–Jarisch reflex (BJR) in particular…