A molecular mechanism regulating rhythmic output from the suprachiasmatic circadian clock

Cell. 1999 Jan 8;96(1):57-68. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80959-9.

Abstract

We examined the transcriptional regulation of the clock-controlled arginine vasopressin gene in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). A core clock mechanism in mouse SCN appears to involve a transcriptional feedback loop in which CLOCK and BMAL1 are positive regulators and three mPeriod (mPer) genes are involved in negative feedback. We show that the RNA rhythm of each mPer gene is severely blunted in Clock/Clock mice. The vasopressin RNA rhythm is abolished in the SCN of Clock/Clock animals, leading to markedly decreased peptide levels. Luciferase reporter gene assays show that CLOCK-BMAL1 heterodimers act through an E box enhancer in the vasopressin gene to activate transcription; this activation can be inhibited by the mPER and mTIM proteins. These data indicate that the transcriptional machinery of the core clockwork directly regulates a clock-controlled output rhythm.

Publication types

  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • 3T3 Cells
  • ARNTL Transcription Factors
  • Animals
  • Arginine Vasopressin / genetics*
  • Arginine Vasopressin / metabolism
  • Base Sequence
  • Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors
  • Biological Clocks
  • CLOCK Proteins
  • Cell Cycle Proteins
  • Circadian Rhythm / physiology*
  • DNA, Complementary
  • Enhancer Elements, Genetic
  • Gene Expression Regulation
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred BALB C
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Nuclear Proteins / genetics
  • Peptides / metabolism
  • Period Circadian Proteins
  • RNA
  • Suprachiasmatic Nucleus / physiology*
  • Trans-Activators / genetics
  • Trans-Activators / metabolism*
  • Transcription Factors / genetics
  • Transcription Factors / metabolism
  • Transcription, Genetic
  • Transcriptional Activation

Substances

  • ARNTL Transcription Factors
  • Bmal1 protein, mouse
  • Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors
  • Cell Cycle Proteins
  • DNA, Complementary
  • Nuclear Proteins
  • Peptides
  • Per1 protein, mouse
  • Per2 protein, mouse
  • Per3 protein, mouse
  • Period Circadian Proteins
  • Trans-Activators
  • Transcription Factors
  • Arginine Vasopressin
  • RNA
  • CLOCK Proteins
  • Clock protein, mouse

Associated data

  • GENBANK/AF000998
  • GENBANK/AF015953