Cholinesterase inhibitors, such as carbamates and organophosphates (OPs), are widely used as insecticides and pesticides and may be stored as biological weapons. The massive use of these products, along with a lack of personal protective equipment on the job, and accidental and intentional ingestions, has produced a great number of poisonings in farmers. A large part of the employment and income in southeastern Spain is concentrated in intensive greenhouse agriculture in which growers are exposed to a varying degree of subsymptomatic doses of a combination of pesticides, mainly OPs and carbamates. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of workers in high-exposure conditions to assess possible neurobehavioral deficits, using a wide array of tasks to test neuropsychological functioning and emotional status. Linear and logistic regression series revealed the importance of the variable "years working with pesticides" as a measure of cumulative exposure for risk of worsened perceptive function performance (odds ratio (OR)=6.93, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.52-31.51), visuomotor praxis (OR=5.00, 95% CI: 1.22-20.40) and integrative task performance time (OR=4.12, 95% CI: 1.18-14.39) with no relation to plasma cholinesterase activity as a measure of recent exposure. This association was statistically significant after controlling for confounds (age and educational level). The findings showed association of long-term exposure and worse performance in neuropsychological functions, which is interpreted as evidence of a chronic effect of cumulative high exposure to OPs and carbamates.