Abstract
Reactive (low pKa) cysteine residues in proteins are critical components in redox signaling. A particularly reactive and versatile reversibly oxidized form of cysteine, the sulfenic acid (Cys-SOH), has important roles as a catalytic center in enzymes and as a sensor of oxidative and nitrosative stress in enzymes and transcriptional regulators. Depending on environment, sometimes the sulfenic acid provides a metastable oxidized form, and other times it is a fleeting intermediate giving rise to more stable disulfide, sulfinic acid, or sulfenyl-amide forms.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
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Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
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Review
MeSH terms
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Glutathione Reductase / metabolism
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Humans
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Methionine / analogs & derivatives*
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Methionine / metabolism
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Oxidation-Reduction
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Peroxidases / metabolism
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Peroxides / metabolism
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Protein Conformation
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Proteins / chemistry
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Proteins / metabolism*
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Signal Transduction*
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Sulfenic Acids / chemistry
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Sulfenic Acids / metabolism*
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Transcription, Genetic
Substances
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Peroxides
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Proteins
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Sulfenic Acids
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Methionine
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Peroxidases
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NAD+ peroxidase
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Glutathione Reductase
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methionine sulfoxide