In previous research we found that pre-training administration of histamine H3 receptor agonists such as (R)-alpha-methylhistamine and imetit impaired rat performance in object recognition and a passive avoidance response at the same doses at which they inhibited the release of cortical acetylcholine in vivo. Conversely, in the present study we report that the post-training administration of (R)-alpha-methylhistamine and imetit failed to affect rat performance in object recognition and a passive avoidance response, suggesting that H3 receptor influences the acquisition and not the recall processes. We also investigated the effects of two H3 receptor antagonists, thioperamide and clobenpropit, in the same behavioral tasks. Pre-training administration of thioperamide and clobenpropit failed to exhibit any procognitive effects in normal animals but prevented scopolamine-induced amnesia. However, also post-training administration of thioperamide prevented scopolamine-induced amnesia. Hence, the ameliorating effects of scopolamine-induced amnesia by H3 receptor antagonism are not only mediated by relieving the inhibitory action of cortical H3 receptors, but other mechanisms are also involved. Nevertheless, H3 receptor antagonists may have implications for the treatment of degenerative disorders associated with impaired cholinergic function.