The importance of intracellular glutathione (GSH) in the pathology of disease, particularly cancer, has long been appreciated. However the ubiquitous nature of GSH has made it difficult to ascribe to a specific molecular mechanism in disease fulfillment. In addition, in all but a few cases, the underlying genetic regulation of the cellular redox state disrupted in disease has not been well described. Early identification of the importance of intracellular GSH to detoxification reactions has now led to investigating the potential importance that glutathione chemistry has on signal transduction and molecular regulation of cellular physiology. Here new relationships between the cellular redox state and the apoptotic regulatory protein BCL-2 will be described with emphasis on potential mechanisms by which GSH can alter cellular physiology in addition to its role in detoxification.