There is a growing body of evidence from epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory data that indicates that elevated triglyceride levels are an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Identification and quantification of atherogenic lipoproteins in patients with hypertriglyceridemia are important steps in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Increased levels of apoC-III, apoC-I, or apoA-II on the apoB-containing lipoproteins may alter lipoprotein metabolism and result in the accumulation of atherogenic remnants. Hypertriglyceridemic patients at risk for cardiovascular disease often develop a lipoprotein profile characterized by elevated triglyceride, dense LDL, and low HDL cholesterol. Understanding that each of these factors contributes separately to the patient's risk of cardiovascular disease can help physicians provide patients with more effective risk-reduction programs for cardiovascular disease.