Chest
Volume 116, Supplement 1, July 1999, Pages 103S-110S
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Chemokines in Lung Injury: Thomas A. Neff Lecture

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Elicitation of Neutrophils Into the Lung: The Role of Cytokines

Cytokines represent a diverse group of biologically active proteins that, in addition to many other activities, are instrumental in the evolution of acute lung injury. To illustrate potentially important cytokine networks operative in pulmonary inflammation that mediate neutrophil recruitment, we will focus our discussion on the early-response cytokines (interleukin-1 [IL-1] and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]) and the CXC chemokine family.

Acute Lung Injury: The Interplay of Early-Response Cytokines, Adhesion Molecules, and CXC Chemokines

During the initiation phase of acute lung inflammation, the movement of neutrophils from the pulmonary vascular compartment to interstitium and alveolar space is an early event in the propagation of further lung inflammation. Inflammatory stimuli from either side of the alveolar-capillary membrane may result in pulmonary microvascular alterations that lead to local increases in neutrophil adhesion. These adhered neutrophils, under the influence of adhesion molecules and chemokines, then undergo

The Role of CXC Chemokines in Pulmonary Inflammation

Clinical studies examining elevations in pulmonary IL-8 levels and the development and mortality of ARDS have conflicted; however, most have suggested a strong correlation.59, 6061, 62, 63 Of particular interest are the findings of Donnelly and colleagues,64 which correlated early increases in BAL fluid IL-8 content of patients at risk for subsequent development of ARDS and, importantly, also demonstrated that the alveolar macrophage is an important cellular source of IL-8 prior to neutrophil

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    Supported in part by National Institutes of Health grants HL50057,CA66180, and P50HL60289 (R.M.S.), HL57243, HL58200, and P50HL60289(T.J.S.), and HL35276, HL31237, and P50HL60289 (S.L.K.).

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