Abstract
G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the largest family of proteins involved in signal transduction. Here we present a bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) assay that directly monitors in real time the early interactions between human GPCRs and their cognate G-protein subunits in living human cells. In addition to detecting basal precoupling of the receptors to Gα-, Gβ- and Gγ-subunits, BRET measured very rapid ligand-induced increases in the interaction between receptor and Gαβγ-complexes (t1/2 ∼ 300 ms) followed by a slower (several minutes) decrease, reflecting receptor desensitization. The agonist-promoted increase in GPCR-Gβγ interaction was highly dependent on the identity of the Gα-subunit present in the complex. Therefore, this G protein–activity biosensor provides a novel tool to directly probe the dynamics and selectivity of receptor-mediated, G-protein activation-deactivation cycles that could be advantageously used to identify ligands for orphan GPCRs.
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Acknowledgements
We thank M. Lagacé for critical reading of the manuscript. The pcDNA-CD8-βARK-C, α2AAR-Rluc and Gαs-EGFP were kindly provided by S. Gütkind, H. Paris and M. Rasenick, respectively. The GFP-Gβ1 and GFP-Gγ2 constructs were generously provided by BioSignal-Packard Biosciences and SNSR-4-Rluc was a gift from AstraZeneca Research Center Montréal. This work was supported by grants from the Canadian Institute of Health Research and the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Quebec to M.B. and T.E.H. C.G. held a fellowship from Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), T.E.H. is a MacDonald Scholar of the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, and M.B. holds a Canada Research Chair in Molecular Pharmacology and Signal Transduction.
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Supplementary information
Supplementary Fig. 1
Plasma membrane targeting of CD8-Rluc fusion protein. (PDF 155 kb)
Supplementary Fig. 2
Agonist-promoted BRET signal between β2AR-Rluc and GFPGγ2 is insensitive to pH. (PDF 139 kb)
Supplementary Fig. 3
Vasopressin-selective agonist AVP is unable to modulate BRET signal between β2ARRluc and GFP-Gγ2 or GFP-Gβ1. (PDF 133 kb)
Supplementary Fig. 4
Interactions between Gβ1 and Gγ2. (PDF 147 kb)
Supplementary Fig. 5
BRET signal between β2ARRluc and GFP-Gβ1 or GFP-Gγ2 is GTP sensitive. (PDF 142 kb)
Supplementary Fig. 6
Basal BRET signal between β2AR-Rluc and GFP-Gγ2 is sensitive to a β2AR-inverse agonist. (PDF 123 kb)
Supplementary Fig. 7
Kinetics analysis of β2AR and Gγ2 interactions. (PDF 131 kb)
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Galés, C., Rebois, R., Hogue, M. et al. Real-time monitoring of receptor and G-protein interactions in living cells. Nat Methods 2, 177–184 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth743
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth743
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