Behavioural neuroscienceIntense exercise increases adenosine concentrations in rat brain: Implications for a homeostatic sleep drive
Section snippets
Animals
All procedures were conducted in accordance with the European Union Guidelines for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and undertaken with the approval of the regional administration of the governmental body. All experiments conformed to named local guidelines on the ethical use of laboratory animals and were conducted to minimize the number of laboratory animals and their suffering. Male adult Wistar rats (70 days old), weighing 376.7±72.3 (sd) g, were housed under constant temperature (22
Metabolite changes after exercise
Nucleotide and nucleoside concentrations in the rat brain were measured after “lights-on” (baseline), 3 h and 5 h (control) of sleep, moderate and intense exercise as well as after 3 h and 5 h SD. Resting values (control) were defined after 5 h of undisrupted sleep.
After high intensity exercise adenosine and inosine levels were significantly elevated (ANOVA F=5.67; P=0.0003 and F=8.43; P=0.00001) and reached 229.04% and 425.21% of the control levels respectively. Only the intense, not moderate
Discussion
The present study demonstrates that, sleep and SD conditions, in contrast to intense physical exercise increase total brain adenosine and inosine concentrations. Undisrupted sleep resulted in significantly elevated ADP and ATP concentrations as well as a progressive decline of inosine and adenosine in a duration-dependent manner. SD (3 h and 5 h) did not affect brain ATP and adenosine concentrations significantly. However a great increase of inosine between the 3- and 5-h deprivation period was
Acknowledgments
We thank Ute Laudenbach-Leschowsky and Katja Teschner for technical assistance. This work was supported by the Krupp-von-Halbach Foundation and the Oertel Foundation.
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