Food, drug, insect sting allergy, and anaphylaxisEstrogen increases the severity of anaphylaxis in female mice through enhanced endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression and nitric oxide production
Section snippets
Methods
Further details can be found in the Methods section in this article's Online Repository at www.jacionline.org.
Sex differences in systemic anaphylaxis are estrogen dependent
Resembling epidemiologic studies on systemic anaphylaxis, IgE-mediated PSA was more severe in female C57Bl/6 mice than in male mice (Fig 1, A), as determined by a decrease in core body temperature, which correlates with increases in plasma histamine and hematocrit values, hypotension, and visible behavioral changes.16 The differential severity between age-matched male and female mice was also observed in BALB/c mice (see Fig E1, A, left panel, in this article's Online Repository at //www.jacionline.org
Discussion
The increased incidence of anaphylaxis in women has been recognized in the clinic for years.34, 35, 36 Our study shows that sex-specific differences in systemic anaphylaxis are replicated in mice and, as in human subjects, are not restricted to IgE-mediated responses. The incidence, onset, and/or severity of many human diseases, including allergic diseases, such as asthma, show a sex bias that is likewise conserved across species.37, 38 Although in some instances these sex differences have been
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Supported by the Division of Intramural Research Program within the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/National Institutes of Health and by Research Foundation Flanders (F.W.O.). V.H. was a research fellow and the recipient of a Travel Grant from F.W.O. as well as a Gustave Boël–Sofina–Belgian American Educational Foundation (B.A.E.F.) fellow.
Disclosure of potential conflict of interest: This work was supported by the Division of Intramural Research Program within the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/National Institutes of Health (NIH) and by Research Foundation Flanders (F.W.O.). V. Hox was a research fellow and the recipient of a Travel Grant from F.W.O. as well as a Gustave Boël–Sofina–Belgian American Educational Foundation (B.A.E.F.) fellow. The rest of the authors declare that they have no relevant conflicts of interest.
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These authors contributed equally to this work.