Original articleCerebral Metabolic Dysfunction and Impaired Vigilance in Recently Abstinent Methamphetamine Abusers
Section snippets
Subjects
Written informed consent was obtained from all participants after a detailed description of the study, which was approved by the institutional review boards of University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) and the Long Beach Veterans Administration Medical Center. They were generally healthy by physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests. Exclusion criteria included use of medications that affect the central nervous system; cardiovascular, pulmonary or systemic disease;
General Experimental Design
Methamphetamine-abusing subjects were inpatients (at the UCLA General Clinical Research Center or the UCLA Neuropsychiatric Institute and Hospital) during their participation. Cerebral glucose metabolism was assayed by the FDG PET method (Reivich et al 1979, Phelps et al 1979) when the MA abusers were abstinent for 4 to 7 days. About 90% of MA administered orally is excreted within 4 days (Caldwell et al 1972). Control subjects participated on a nonresidential basis. Urine drug screens on the
Description of Subjects
The groups did not differ significantly in gender, handedness, race, age, or mother’s education (Table 1). The MA abusers, however, had fewer years of education than the control subjects [t(31) = 2.61, p = .014]. One of the control participants had a history of a manic episode and two each had a past depressive episode. In addition, one MA abuser had a current diagnosis of social phobia and three met criteria for marijuana abuse but not dependence; three participants in the MA abuse group but
Discussion
Methamphetamine abusers differed from control subjects in the relationships between auditory CPT performance (normalized errors, i.e., log [1 + % errors]) and relative rCMRglc of the infragenual, perigenual, and midcingulate cortices and the insula. These cortical regions, as well as the lateral orbitofrontal gyrus, previously showed abnormalities in rCMRglc (London et al 2004). Although MA abusers also had a deficit in hippocampal structure (Thompson et al 2004a), both groups showed a negative
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