Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods
Original articleQT corrected for heart rate and relation between QT and RR intervals in beagle dogs
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Transient deep and giant negative T waves in dogs with myocardial injury
2021, Journal of Veterinary CardiologyCitation Excerpt :The conventional electrocardiographic parameters (i.e., heart rate; amplitude and duration of the P wave; PQ interval duration; amplitude and duration of the QRS complex; ST-segment elevation or depression; and QT duration) were manually measured in lead II according to the standard technique, and were judged to be normal/abnormal according to canine reference intervals [31,32]. In addition to the QT-interval duration, duration of the QT interval corrected for the heart rate (QTc) was measured according to the logarithmic formula (QTc = log600 × QT/logRR) [31–33]. For the purposes of this study, particular attention was given to T-wave features, namely amplitude, polarity, and morphology.
Diagnostic and prognostic utility of surface electrocardiography in cats with left ventricular hypertrophy
2018, Journal of Veterinary CardiologyCitation Excerpt :Three representative consecutive beats were used to measure various ECG variables, and the results were averaged for each variable. Variables analyzed included cardiac rhythm (i.e. normal sinus rhythm, sinus arrhythmia, and pathological arrhythmias); heart rate (HR) in bpm calculated by determining the number of QRS complexes in a 3-s interval and multiplying this number by 20; amplitude and duration of the P wave; PQ interval duration; amplitude and duration of the QRS complex; presence of ST segment elevation or depression; amplitude of the T wave; duration of the QT interval (QT) and QT interval corrected for heart rate (QTc) according to the logarithmic formula (QTc = log600 × QT/logRR) [27]; and mean electrical axis of the P wave, the QRS complex, and the T wave. Amplitudes and durations were expressed in mV and ms, respectively.
ECG telemetry in conscious guinea pigs
2016, Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological MethodsCitation Excerpt :The compounds investigated were nifedipine (a calcium channel blocker causing vasodilation with reflex tachycardia), atenolol (a β-adrenoceptor blocker causing bradycardia) and dl-sotalol (a hERG K+ channel blocker with β-blocking properties causing heart rate reduction and QT prolongation) at doses known to be pharmacologically active. Although some authors described a good QT correction in guinea pigs with Bazett's formula, for comparison in this investigation the formulas according to Fridericia (1920), Matsunaga (a logarithmic formula developed for the correction of dog QT interval) (Matsunaga et al., 1997) and Sarma (an exponential formula based on individual correction) (Sarma, Sarma, Bilitch, Katz, & Song, 1984) were also tested. To verify the adequacy of the different QT correction models the QT/QTc:RR relationship was plotted using the QT/QTc intervals and the corresponding RR interval, which was measured over 15 min in the 12 control experiments of this study.
QT interval correction assessment in the anesthetized guinea pig
2015, Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological MethodsCitation Excerpt :These three formulas are convenient and easy to use, especially in a resource-sparing assay needed in early safety de-risking. Although valuable, correction formulas based on logarithmic and exponential relationship were excluded from the current study due to their non-linearity and their practical and interpretational difficulties (Matsunaga et al., 1997; Spence, Soper, Hoe, & Coleman, 1998). In addition, such methods require the collection of very large amounts of data to cover a wide range of HRs which, again, is not readily feasible in an anesthetized model.
Preclinical QT safety assessment: Cross-species comparisons and human translation from an industry consortium
2014, Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological MethodsCitation Excerpt :In 1989 the first canine-specific QT rate-correction was proposed (Van de Water et al., 1989). More recently, issuance of the ICH S7B guidance for CV safety testing (Anon) fostered rapid and sustained growth of conscious instrumented animal models that provide continuous QT and RR data amenable to the generation of subject-specific QT rate correction formulae (Champeroux et al., 2009; Fossa, DePasquale, Raunig, Avery, & Leishman, 2002; Holzgrefe, Cavero, Gleason, Warner, et al., 2007; Matsunaga et al., 1997; Miyazaki & Tagawa, 2002; Raunig, Depasquale, Huang, Winslow, & Fossa, 2001; Spence, Soper, Hoe, & Coleman, 1998; Watanabe & Miyazaki, 2006). There is now general recognition within the industry that rate-corrections based on the QT–RR relationship for individual subjects are the most appropriate whenever a heart rate correction is employed (Leishman et al., 2012).