The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Regional distribution of cytosolic and particulate 5α-dihydroprogesterone 3α-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductases in female rat brain
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2020, Handbook of Clinical NeurologyEffects of non-contingent cocaine on 3 alpha-androstanediol. II. Disruption of lordosis of proestrous rats
2019, Physiology and BehaviorCitation Excerpt :Similar patterns of biphasic effects of 3ɑ-diol (permissive at low levels, inhibitory at high levels) have been noted among female rodents that are ovariectomized and hormone-primed [12,14,15]. Brain regions involved in reproductive responding (hypothalamus, midbrain ventral tegmental area) and behaviors supportive of reproduction, such as those involved in affect, affiliation, and decision making (hippocampus, frontal cortex), have high expression of steroidogenic enzymes necessary for production of 3ɑ-diol (as well as its pregnane equivalent, allopregnanolone) among rats [16–19]. Additionally, E2 can increase activity of these steroidogenic enzymes, thereby, increasing brain and circulating levels of such neurosteroids [16,20,21].
Butylated hydroxyanisole alters rat 5α-reductase and 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: Implications for influences of neurosteroidogenesis
2017, Neuroscience LettersCitation Excerpt :The levels of allopregnanolone, tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone, and DIOL are regulated by their biosynthetic enzymes, 5α-reductase 1 (SRD5A1) and 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (AKR1C14). These two enzymes are extensively present in the brain [16,17]. SRD5A1 is a microsomal reductase 1, using NADPH as a cofactor to transfer electrons to form dihydroprogesterone, dihydrodeoxycorticosterone, and dihydrotestosterone from progesterone, deoxycorticosterone, and testosterone [18] (Fig. 2).
GABA<inf>A</inf> receptor-acting neurosteroids: A role in the development and regulation of the stress response
2015, Frontiers in NeuroendocrinologyCitation Excerpt :Such observations suggested that neurosteroids synthesised de novo within the CNS and those derived from peripheral sources may be important modulators of the behavioural and/or neuroendocrine response to stress. Pertinent to such a hypothesis, the steroid synthesising enzymes, 5α-reductase and 3α-HSD are expressed within the hypothalamus (Li et al., 1997; Eechaute et al., 1999; Gao et al., 2002), while 5α3α-THPROG immunoreactivity can be detected within the extended amygdala and hypothalamus (Saalmann et al., 2007). Furthermore, several investigations have demonstrated similar increases in neurosteroid levels in response to a range of different stressors (Barbaccia et al., 1994, 1996), while the administration of 5α3α-THPROG and 5α3α-THDOC produce anxiolytic effects in various test of anxiety in rodents (Bitran et al., 1991; Wieland et al., 1991; Akwa et al., 1999).