SeriesHIV-related skin diseases
Section snippets
Skin immune system
Skin harbours specialised subsets of antigen-presenting dendritic cells, Langerhans cells and dermal dendritic cells, that take up microbial and tissue antigens, migrate to peripheral lymph nodes, and present processed antigens to naive T lymphocytes. The T lymphocytes are thereby induced to become activated and to expand in number, and T cells so activated acquire the capacity to migrate preferentially to skin, directed by specific homing receptors, where they exert their effector functions
Cutaneous signs of primary HIV-1 infection
Although primary HIV-1 infection is commonly symptomless, an acute febrile illness lasting 1–2 weeks and resembling infectious mononucleosis is sometimes identifiable.8, 9 The interval between exposure to HIV-1 and the development of this acute illness ranges from 3 to 6 weeks, and seroconversion takes place shortly therafter.8, 9 In addition to fever and constitutional symptoms, as many as 75% of patients with symptomatic primary infections also develop skin lesions,8 including
Viral infections
Viruses other than HIV-1 are common pathogens in HIV-1 disease and are probably important infectious cofactors for disease progression. These opportunistic infections range from relatively benign disorders such as cosmetically disfiguring molluscum contagiosum to severe infections of the skin and mucous membranes such as ulcerating herpes simplex. Oral hairy leukoplakia, which is attributed to Epstein Barr virus infection, is described by Greenspan and Greenspan in this series.
Herpes simplex
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