Chapter 13 Receptor- and carrier-mediated release of ATP of postsynaptic origin: Cascade transmission

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On the basis of the results discussed in the chapter, a new type of transmission, the cascade transmission has been proposed, where a primary neurotransmitter (e.g., noradrenaline) releases a secondary transmitter (ATP) in a receptor-mediated manner from postsynaptic sites. ATP released in this way may amplify or modulate the secretory response and participate in chemical transmission in various ways: (1) it may contribute to fast synaptic transmission; (2) it may modulate the action of primary transmitters on postsynaptic receptors; (3) by itself, or after degradation to adenosine it may be involved in the prejunctional modulation of neurotransmitter release via A, or P, purinoceptors. The functional significance of cascade transmission could be important in those systems, where the primary transmitter diffuses to a long distance from its release sites to reach postsynaptic receptors— that is, when non-synaptic interaction occurs. It has been found that ATP can be released not only from the presynaptic nerve terminals but also from the postsynaptic target cells and this is a receptor- and carrier-mediated process. Therefore, it is suggested that ATP of postsynaptic origin, released from the postsynaptic cell (e.g., from the smooth muscle, sympathetic neuron) in response to the effect of endogenous ligands (e.g., noradrenaline, ACh), is involved in signal transmission.

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