Neurobiology of Zinc and Zinc-Containing Neurons

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This chapter discusses separate pools of CNS zinc, which are, vesicular zinc, free zinc, and protein-bound zinc. Vesicular zinc is the one which is sequestered in the presynaptic vesicles of a special class of neurons, the zinc-containing neurons, which are found primarily in limbic, cerebrocortical, and corticofugal systems. This vesicular zinc can be selectively stained by several histochemical procedures and is, therefore, accessible to histological and histoanalytical studies. The second pool, free zinc, is an entirely hypothetical pool of ionic Zn+2 in the cytosol or interstitial fluid that may or may not be present in normal, healthy brain tissue. The third pool of zinc is that which is bound firmly into the structure of the many zinc-containing enzymes in the brain. The enzymatic zinc is, therefore, a stable pool, involved only in the specific function of the zinc-containing enzymes. Zinc metalloenzymes are essential to the normal biology of brain cells, and any experimental treatment that is extreme enough to affect the metalloenzymes, such as prolonged zinc undernutrition or administration of chelators, can disrupt brain function through metalloenzymatic effects.

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