Effect of a total extract from Fraxinus ornus stem bark and esculin on zymosan- and carrageenan-induced paw oedema in mice

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Abstract

This study investigates the total ethanol extract (TE) of the stem bark of Fraxinus ornus and its constituent esculin (EN). They inhibited classical pathway (CP) and alternative pathway (AP) of complement activation in mouse serum. After intraperitoneal administration the total extract displayed antiinflammatory activity in both zymosan- and carrageenan-induced paw oedema in mice. The results suggest that the traditional use of Fraxinus ornus stem bark extracts in the treatment of inflammatory disorders is at least partially due to its coumarin constituents.

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Cited by (38)

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    The typical botanical medicine is Cortex Fraxini (called “Qin Pi” in China) which belongs to the ‘heat-clearing’ category and is rich in coumarins, and esculin is the major constitute of Cortex Fraxini. Esculin has been demonstrated to possess multiple biological activities, such as antioxidant activity including the elimination of hydroxyl radicals [1–3], anticancer activity [4], anti-inflammatory activities in vivo and vitro [5–8], anti-ulcer activity [9], anti-arthritic activity [10], anti-apoptotic activity [11], and protective efficacy on renal damage [12–14]. Furthermore, esculin may be considered as a promising drug candidate for inflammatory or other diseases in human, such as renal damage or even cancer.

  • Esculin attenuates endotoxin shock induced by lipopolysaccharide in mouse and NO production in vitro through inhibition of NF-κB activation

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    Esculin has various biological activities including anti-oxidant activity, intestinal anti-inflammatory activity, anti-cancer activity and growth inhibition of human leukemia cells (Li et al., 2012). Esculin inhibits lipid peroxidation and scavenges hydroxyl radicals in the rat liver (Kaneko et al., 2007) and exerts anti-inflammatory activity in both carrageenan- and zymosan-induced paw edema in mice (Stefanova et al., 1995). Martin et al. observed the gastroprotective effect of esculin in cold-restraint stress and pylorus ligation-induced ulcer models (Martin et al., 1991).

  • Esculin exhibited anti-inflammatory activities in vivo and regulated TNF-α and IL-6 production in LPS-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro through MAPK pathway

    2015, International Immunopharmacology
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    Their seeds have long been used to cure vascular and inflammatory diseases. Esculin can scavenge hydroxyl radicals and inhibit lipid peroxidation in the rat liver [14], and display anti-inflammatory effect in both carrageenan-and zymosan-induced paw edema in mice [15]. Martin et al. [16] observed the gastroprotective effect of esculin in rats in cold-restraint stress and pylorus ligation-induced ulcer models.

  • Mechanisms involved in the gastroprotective activity of esculin on acute gastric lesions in mice

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    In 2007, Zhao et al. used the dopamine-induced cytotoxicity model in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells to demonstrate that esculin inhibited dopamine-induced caspase-3 cleavage and decreased cell death, overproduction of ROS, morphological changes of nuclei and damage to antioxidant enzymes [8]. Esculin scavenges hydroxyl radicals and inhibits lipid peroxidation in the rat liver [9] and displays anti-inflammatory activity in both zymosan- and carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice [10]. The gastroprotective effect of esculin was also observed in rats by Martin et al. [11] in cold-restraint stress and pylorus ligation-induced ulcer models; however, neither its effect on indomethacin-induced lesions nor the gastroprotective mechanisms involved were investigated in this study.

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