Pyrethroids, nerve poisons: how their risks to human health should be assessed
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Prenatal and postnatal exposure to low levels of permethrin exerts reproductive effects in male mice
2017, Reproductive ToxicologyCitation Excerpt :In both insect and mammalian neurons, the primary mode of pyrethroid action is prolonging the opening of the voltage-gated sodium channels, giving rise to a prolonged sodium tail current [4,5]. Because of their rapid insecticidal activity and low toxicity to mammals, pyrethroid insecticides, including permethrin, are widely used to control pests in agricultural, home, and public health settings [6,7]. In Africa, permethrin-treated mosquito nets are also commonly used as an antimalarial strategy [8].
Type II pyrethroid deltamethrin produces antidepressant-like effects in mice
2013, Behavioural Brain ResearchCitation Excerpt :Pyrethroids are highly active synthetic derivatives of natural pyrethrins, which are toxins found in the flowers of Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium. Pyrethroid insecticides are classified into 2 major groups according to their chemical structure [18]: type II pyrethroids, which contain a cyano moiety at the α-position (i.e. cypermethrin and deltamethrin [DM]), and type I pyrethroids, such as permethrin (PM), which do not contain a cyano moiety at the α-position. Pyrethroids prolong the opening of the voltage-sensitive sodium channels (VSSCs) and raise a prolonged sodium tail current in mammalian as well as invertebrate neurons [19,20].
Synthesis and biological evaluation of pyrethroid insecticide-derivatives as a chemical inducer for Bdnf mRNA expression in neurons
2012, Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry