Bioactivation of nephrotoxins and renal carcinogens by glutathione S-conjugate formation
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Accumulation of BNP7787 in human renal proximal tubule cells
2011, Journal of Pharmaceutical SciencesCitation Excerpt :In animal studies, Ormstad and Uehara14 noted that transmembranal uptake of dimesna (BNP7787) is expected to require energy and involve an active transport mechanism; they demonstrated the uptake of BNP7787 in rat kidney perfusions and rat kidney cells. Additionally, in vitro, we have observed that BNP7787 and BNP7787-derived mesna–disulfide heteroconjugates can inhibit human γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) and aminopeptidase N (APN) enzymes15,16 that are postulated to be important in converting cisplatin to a nephrotoxigenic species.22–29 If there is metabolism and local action and/or local uptake of BNP7787 by renal tubular cells, it is likely that a protective mechanism exists, whereby BNP7787's disulfide bond is reduced to yield BNP7787-derived mesna, the reactive thiol (Fig. 1).
Role of glutathione S-transferase Pi in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity
2009, Biomedicine and PharmacotherapyCitation Excerpt :Inhibition of the GGT would prevent xenobiotic detoxification, thereby potentiating toxicity. In contrast, cisplatin and a small group of halogenated alkenes have been shown to be metabolized to nephrotoxins though a GGT-dependent pathway [2–11] (Fig. 1). The first step in this pathway is the formation of glutathione S-conjugates.
Ovarian gene expression is stable after exposure to trichloroethylene
2008, Toxicology LettersRenal papillary adenoma-a putative precursor of papillary renal cell carcinoma
2007, Human PathologyCitation Excerpt :Soluble cytosolic glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a family of dimeric enzymes that conjugate glutathione with an electrophilic substrate [12,13]. The importance of GST lies in the detoxification of xenobiotics; however, its function may also lead to the activation of potent carcinogens and the induction of renal tumors [12,13]. GST-α is expressed predominantly in the convoluted proximal tubule where clear-cell RCCs generally are believed to derive their origin [14].
Hazard characterisation of chemicals in food and diet: Dose response, mechanisms and extrapolation issues
2002, Food and Chemical Toxicologyγ-glutamyl transpeptidase-deficient mice are resistant to the nephrotoxic effects of cisplatin
2001, American Journal of PathologyCitation Excerpt :However, GGT did not effect the excretion of cisplatin, the accumulation of platinum in the kidney, or cisplatin-induced weight loss. GGT has been found to be an essential component of the metabolic activation of a series of halogenated alkenes and quinones to nephrotoxins.18,19 These compounds form glutathione-conjugates that are hydrolyzed to cysteinyl-glycine-conjugates by GGT on the surface of the renal proximal tubule cells.