The supraoptic nucleus: Afferents from areas involved in control of body fluid homeostasis
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Neuropeptides of the human magnocellular hypothalamus
2021, Journal of Chemical NeuroanatomyCitation Excerpt :Despite its small volume and weight (about 4 g), this diencephalic structure hosts important neuronal assemblies involved in the regulation of numerous fundamental life processes such as food intake, energy expenditure, osmotic balance, circadian rhythms, thermoregulation, hormonal homeostasis, stress, growth, reproductive behavior, immune response, and various emotional-affective states, in addition to orchestrating vigilance mechanisms (Hofman and Swaab, 1992; Saper and Lowell, 2014). Experimental studies on rodents and primates demonstrate that the hypothalamus performs these functions by controlling three main types of output system: behavioral, autonomous, and endocrine, above all via the activities of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) (Aguilera, 2011; Brown, 2016; Wilkin et al., 1989). The first merely morphological description of the hypothalamus is present in the famous treatise De humani corporis fabrica by Andreas Vesalius edited in 1543 (Toni, 2000).
Central regulation of body-fluid homeostasis
2013, Trends in NeurosciencesEffect of naloxone on ischemic acute kidney injury in the mouse
2013, NeuropharmacologyNeuroendocrine regulation of body water and electrolytes: Thirst and salt appetite
2012, Handbook of NeuroendocrinologyAnteroventral third ventricle (AV3V) lesion affects hypothalamic neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) expression following water deprivation
2011, Brain Research BulletinCitation Excerpt :Nevertheless, although the electrolytic lesion of the AV3V region dramatically prevented the increase in c-fos expression observed following dehydration, it did not completely abolish c-fos expression, as already shown in a previous study from our laboratory [33]. This could be due to the existence of afferents from the SFO, and/or the dorsal MnPO to the SON and PVN that usually remain intact after AV3V lesion and which could sustain the basal c-fos expression observed in hypothalamic magnocellular neurons [33,47]. The increase in osmolality and hypernatremia could be another reason for the basal c-fos expression after dehydration, as magnocellulars are osmosensitive [3,21].
Osmosensation in vasopressin neurons: changing actin density to optimize function
2010, Trends in NeurosciencesCitation Excerpt :Previous studies have shown that neurons in the subfornical organ (SFO) are excited during hypovolemia [72,73] and hypotension [74]. SFO neurons project axons onto MNCs [75,76], where they might contribute to the potentiation of osmotically-evoked action potential firing and VP release in the neurohypophysis [77,78]. A body of evidence indicates that SFO neurons contain angiotensin II (Ang II) [74,76] and that the release of this peptide can lead to excitation of MNCs [78,79], as well as an increase in the osmotic activation of MNCs [47,80,81].