Actions of clozapine and haloperidol on the extracellular levels of excitatory amino acids in the prefrontal cortex and striatum of conscious rats
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Cited by (110)
Clozapine and GABA transmission in schizophrenia disease models: Establishing principles to guide treatments
2015, Pharmacology and TherapeuticsCitation Excerpt :Conversely, acute haloperidol (0.5 mg/kg, i.v.) is reported to only moderately increase mPFC DA release compared with that observed in the striatum (Moghaddam & Bunney, 1990) while chronic haloperidol (2 mg/kg/day, 21 days, p.o.) decreases both striatal and NAc DA release (Blaha & Lane, 1987; Ichikawa & Meltzer, 1991). Interestingly, acute clozapine (25 mg/kg, s.c.) and haloperidol (1 mg/kg, s.c.) and chronic (20 mg/kg, 21 days, i.p.) clozapine are all reported to have no effect on striatal glutamate release while chronic haloperidol (0.5 mg/kg, 21 days, i.p.) increases it (Daly & Moghaddam, 1993; Yamamoto & Cooperman, 1994). Furthermore, acute haloperidol (0.5 mg/kg, s.c.) but not clozapine (2.5–40 mg/kg, s.c.) is reported to increase GPe GABA release (Drew et al., 1990) while local intra-GPe perfusion with clozapine (1–100 μM) but not haloperidol (1–100 μM) selectively decreases local GPe GABA release (1–100 μM) (See & Berglind, 2001).
A Mechanistic Approach to Preventing Schizophrenia in At-Risk Individuals
2013, NeuronCitation Excerpt :In similar animal models, antipsychotic drugs, including clozapine, are not effective in reversing enhanced glutamate release (Adams and Moghaddam, 2001). These drugs, in fact, can increase resting extracellular levels of glutamate (Daly and Moghaddam, 1993). Clearly, their use in chronically ill patients may not adversely affect glutamate release, but given that the work by Schobel et al. (2013) makes a strong case for excess glutamate to be a pathogenic driver, use of antipsychotic drugs may hasten the transition to psychosis and, therefore, should be avoided during the prodromal stage of the illness.
Antipsychotic medications, glutamate, and cell death: A hidden, but common medication side effect?
2013, Medical HypothesesCitation Excerpt :In contrast to those consistent findings, the effects of acute haloperidol treatment on extracellular glutamate have not been as clearly defined. In one study, Daly and Moghaddam reported a single haloperidol injection had no effect on extracellular glutamate in striatum or prefrontal cortex [18]. Another study observed elevated striatal glutamate following a single haloperidol injection [19].
Glutamatergic modulatory therapy for Tourette syndrome
2010, Medical Hypotheses