Metabolic pathways in mammalian peroxisomes
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The pleiotropic peroxisome proliferator activated receptors: Regulation and therapeutics
2022, Experimental and Molecular PathologyCitation Excerpt :They have been named as peroxisomes owing to their participation in hydrogen peroxide generating and scavenging pathways (De Duve and Baudhuin, 1966). Peroxisomes contain a host of oxidative enzymes, more than half of which are involved in the degradation of fatty acids and cholesterol via β-oxidation (Mannaerts and Van, 1993). In mammals, they are also involved in plasmalogen biosynthesis, synthesis of bile acids, and neuronal function modulators like docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and degradation of leukotrienes (Wanders and Waterham, 2006; Jedlitschky et al., 1993)
Peroxisomes in the mouse parotid glands: An in-depth morphological and molecular analysis
2021, Annals of AnatomyCitation Excerpt :Indeed, the number of peroxisomes and their morphological appearance is also dependent on the metabolic environment and functions of specific cell types (Issemann and Green, 1990; Baumgart, 1997). Peroxisomal β-oxidation is not only responsible for the degradation of various toxic, insoluble and bioactive lipids (e.g. eicosanoids, which are involved in the regulation of inflammatory processes), but also for the synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids (Hiltunen et al., 1996; Mannaerts and van Veldhoven, 1993). In this context, we found peroxisomal thiolase to be strongly expressed in the acinar and striated duct cells.
Xenobiotic metabolism of plant secondary compounds in the English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (F.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)
2013, Pesticide Biochemistry and PhysiologyCitation Excerpt :It is worth noting that, under the same concentrations, POD and PPO in S. avenae prefer to react with catechol and gramine than to L-ornithine-HC, suggesting that both of these enzymes in aphids are suited to detoxify phenolics and alkaloids from plants. CAT in the aerobic organisms is the classical enzyme which catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and molecular oxygen [58]. This enzyme is located in the midgut of S. avenae [59].
Pathways for repairing and tolerating the spectrum of oxidative DNA lesions
2012, Cancer LettersCitation Excerpt :Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are thought to be a major driving force in human aging, disease, and carcinogenesis, and arise from both endogenous and exogenous sources. Normal cellular metabolism via oxidative phosphorylation by mitochondria [1], breakdown of long chain fatty acids by peroxisomes [2], and defense mechanisms employed by inflammatory cells (e.g., neutrophils, eosinophils, and macrophages) [3] are major sources of endogenous ROS. Ionizing radiation (IR), ultraviolet (UV) light, chemicals agents in food and the environment, and chemotherapeutics are exogenous agents that can induce ROS formation either through direct or indirect mechanisms.
Screening and confirmatory analysis of glyoxylate: A biomarker of plants resistance against herbicides
2010, TalantaCitation Excerpt :One comes from photorespiration, through the activity of glycolate oxidase; the other from the glyoxylate cycle that bypasses the steps in the citric acid cycle where carbon is lost as CO2 [6]. Several enzymes (mainly dehydrogenases and transaminases) are involved in the synthesis and catabolism of glyoxylate [7–12]. These biocatalysts can be inhibited, or even mutated, by the action of external agents such as herbicides or by internal agents such as feedback, in both cases with lethal effects on the regulation of glyoxylate levels [13–15].