International Journal of Immunopharmacology
Short communicationOral administration of SSG, a β -glucan obtained from Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, affects the function of Peyer's patch cells
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A lymphatic route for a hyperbranched heteroglycan from Radix Astragali to trigger immune responses after oral dosing
2022, Carbohydrate PolymersCitation Excerpt :Actually, PPs have been mentioned as a gateway for glucans, but the detection solely relied on the fluorescence or radioactivity signals and was poorly validated (De Jesus et al., 2014; Sakai et al., 2019). There are still a few doubts, including 1) whether the observed signal was only the fluorescent/radioactivity flag rather than the polymer; 2) whether polysaccharides stayed intact carbohydrate polymer in the PPs; 3) what is the direct target of intact polysaccharide in PPs; 4) whether PPs is accessible to all polysaccharides (Hashimoto et al., 1991; Pedro et al., 2021; Rice et al., 2005; Smet et al., 2013; Vetvicka et al., 2007; Xie et al., 2016; Zheng et al., 2022). The gateway via PPs for intact polysaccharides needs to be verified.
Immunomodulatory and antivirus activities of bioactive polysaccharides and structure-function relationship
2022, Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary FibreCitation Excerpt :Some insoluble β-glucans can be absorbed by the M cell of Peyer’s patch, which stimulated the intestinal macrophage through the Dectin-1 receptor that transported them to spleen lymphocyte and lymph node (Brown et al., 2002, 2003). It could be speculated that immune system action was initiated by insoluble β-glucan absorption in the Peyer’s patch (Hashimoto Koichi, Suzuki Iwao, & Toshiro, 1991; Sung et al., 2009). The permeability across the M cell depends on the molecular size, with smaller sizer being easier to pass through (Liang Earvin, Kabcenell Alisa K., Colemanc James R., John Robsonc, Royal Rufflesc, & Yazdaniana, 2002).
Fungal Polysaccharides
2021, Comprehensive Glycoscience: Second EditionBiological macromolecules as immunomodulators
2021, Biological Macromolecules: Bioactivity and Biomedical ApplicationsOral administration of the β-glucan produced by Aureobasidium pullulans ameliorates development of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E deficient mice
2015, Journal of Functional FoodsCitation Excerpt :Therefore, it is tempting to speculate that AP-PG has antioxidative effects, and that the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of AP-PG may be involved in the reduction of blood ox-LDL levels. The results of the immunohistochemical analysis indicated that MOMA-2 positive areas were reduced by the oral administration of AP-PG (Fig. 4), suggesting that vascular accumulation of macrophages and subsequent foam cell formation were reduced by oral administration of AP-PG. Since vascular accumulation of macrophages is closely related to the blood ox-LDL cholesterol levels (Maiolino et al., 2013; Yu, Fu, Zhang, Yin, & Tang, 2013), the reduction of macrophage numbers in the vascular walls may be due to the reduction of blood ox-LDL cholesterol levels by the oral administration of AP-PG. A previous report demonstrated that orally adiministered β-glucan was able to activate lymphocytes localizing Peyer's patch (Hashimoto, Suzuki, & Yadomae, 1991). Thus, the immune modulating activity of AP-PG is thought to be expressed by an indirect manner through the activation of small intestinal immunity.
Immunomodulatory activities of polysaccharides from Chlorella pyrenoidosa in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease
2014, Journal of Functional FoodsCitation Excerpt :In the present study, MPTP may act as the stem of first hit, causing a cascade of inflammatory response and leading to the progression in PD. Since large Mw glucans can be taken by the microfold cells in areas of the intestine and translocate from the gastrointestine to the systemic circulation (Hashimoto, Suzuki, & Yadomae, 1991; Rice et al., 2005), we rationally speculate that polysaccharides from C. pyrenoidosa might delay the disease progression by interacting with macrophages, enhancing peripheral immune system health, so as to protect DA neuron against MPTP-induced neurotoxicity. Pathological and clinical evidence has identified the involvement of the gastrointestinal tract in enhancing susceptibility to idiopathic parkinsonism (Weller et al., 2005).