Opioids modulate interleukin-1 production and secretion by bone-marrow macrophages☆
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Opioid and nociceptin receptors regulate cytokine and cytokine receptor expression
2008, Cellular ImmunologyCitation Excerpt :Several laboratories have reported evidence which shows that endogenous opioid administration leads to the modulation of cytokine expression. Apte et al. [50,51] have shown that endogenous endorphins and enkephalins increase IL-1 production. Studies reported by Roy et al. [52] suggest that morphine can synergize with LPS to augment the production of both IL-6 and TNFα.
Neuroendocrine regulation of natural immunity
2005, NeuroImmune BiologyCitation Excerpt :Antibody production, NK and LAK cell activity, cytotoxic T lymphocytes, the production of IL-1, -2, -4, -6, IFNγ and prostaglandins, mast cell degranulation and the activity of neutrophilic leukocytes were all affected by OP. Opioids modulate the immune system by acting through the CNS [109-118]. Opioid peptide-containing immune cells migrate to inflamed sites, where they release βEND which inhibits pain [119].
The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and opioid peptides
2003, NeuroImmune Biology
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