α-Adrenoceptors
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Alterations and interactions of subcortical modulatory systems in Alzheimer's disease
2021, Progress in Brain ResearchMetastatic pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma: Management of endocrine manifestations, surgery and ablative procedures, and systemic therapies
2020, Best Practice and Research: Clinical Endocrinology and MetabolismCitation Excerpt :Treatment with these drugs aims to normalize blood pressure and heart rate, decreasing the risk for cardiovascular complications; furthermore, it improves symptoms of catecholamine excess such as palpitations, diaphoresis, and headaches and avoids cardiovascular instability and hypertensive crises during surgery, ablative procedures, and systemic therapy [11,12,43,44]. Alpha-adrenergic blockade opposes catecholamine-induced vasoconstriction and lowers blood pressure; therefore, alpha blockage may decrease the risk for stroke, angina, pulmonary edema, intestinal ischemia, and renal failure [45–47]. Alpha-blockers are classified as selective and nonselective depending on their affinities for the alpha receptors [45–47].
Identifying binding modes of two synthetic derivatives of adrenalin to the α2C-adrenoceptor by using molecular modeling; insights into the α2C–adrenoceptor activation
2017, Biophysical ChemistryCitation Excerpt :The α2C-AR is involved in responses to stress, locomotion, regulation of the catecholamine release from the adrenal gland [4,5], and regulating the norepinephrine release from the peripheral sympathetic neurons. As α2C-AR acts as presynaptic inhibitor [4], it could be considered as important drug target against hypertension, cardiovascular dysfunction, regulating vasoconstriction, opiate withdrawal, alcohol addiction and as adjuvants for anesthesia during surgery [6,7]. Even though subtype specific drugs for β1 and α1 receptors are accessible, but for α2 adrenergic receptors, nonspecific drugs like Clonidine, Medetomidine, and Brimonidine are still in use to the treatment of hypertension, glaucoma, tumor pain, postoperative pain etc. [8].
Monoaminergic neuropathology in Alzheimer's disease
2017, Progress in NeurobiologyCitation Excerpt :The catecholamine noradrenaline is synthesized from dopamine by the enzyme dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH, EC1.14.17.1) and is metabolized by MAO and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT; EC2.1.1.6). Noradrenaline binds solely to metabotropic α- (α1A, α1B, α1D, α2A, α2B, α2C) and β-adrenoreceptors (β1, β2 and β3) (Ruffolo and Hieble, 1994). The noradrenergic system regulates visceral functions (respiration, cardiovascular function, secretion of hormones), cognitive functions (responsiveness to novel stimuli, vigilance, learning through reinforcement), arousal, attention, sleep-wake cycle, emotion, mood, motor control, and pain control (Harley, 1987; Szabadi, 2013).
Adrenergic Agonists
2017, Pharmacology and Therapeutics for Dentistry: Seventh EditionProtective effects of lithium chloride on seizure susceptibility: Involvement of α<inf>2</inf>-adrenoceptor
2015, Pharmacology Biochemistry and BehaviorCitation Excerpt :This is in line with other studies indicating the modulating effect of α2-adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists in different seizure paradigms (Amabeoku et al., 1994; Shafaroodi et al., 2013). However, it is important to know that at higher doses, these drugs are shown to act through non-specific receptor mediated mechanisms (Ruffolo and Hieble, 1994). As a result, we used the lower doses which cannot change the seizure susceptibility alone in our series of experiments (Fletcher and Forster, 1988; Homayoun et al., 2002).