Low doses of methylnaloxonium in the nucleus accumbens antagonize hyperactivity induced by heroin in the rat
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Opioid Withdrawal Produces Sex-Specific Effects on Fentanyl-Versus-Food Choice and Mesolimbic Transcription
2021, Biological Psychiatry Global Open ScienceViral vector-mediated gene therapy for opioid use disorders
2021, Experimental NeurologyCitation Excerpt :HSV vectors expressing MnSOD into the PAG reduced morphine withdrawal syndrome, and suppressed the upregulation of mitochondrial superoxide and endoplasmic reticulum stress markers (glucose-related protein 78 (GRP78) and activating transcription factor 6 alpha (ATF6α)) in the PAG, suggesting that overexpression of MnSOD by HSV vectors may relieve opioid dependence (Iida et al., 2017). Opiate use increases locomotion in animals (Amalric and Koob, 1985). Morphine-induced locomotion was significantly lower in M5 muscarinic receptor knockout mice compared with wildtype mice (Steidl and Yeomans, 2009).
Progress in opioid reward research: From a canonical two-neuron hypothesis to two neural circuits
2021, Pharmacology Biochemistry and BehaviorCitation Excerpt :Pretreatment with α-flupenthixol (a non-selective DA receptor antagonist) can block morphine CPP induced by intra-VTA morphine injections in rats with a prior history of morphine exposure, but not in naive rats (Nader and van der Kooy, 1997). In addition , morphine can also be self-administered directly into the NAc by rats and mice (Amalric and Koob, 1985; David and Cazala, 2000; Olds, 1982) and intra-NAc microinjections of methylnaloxonium (a peripherally limited opioid antagonist) block heroin-induced hyperlocomotion in rats (Amalric and Koob, 1985), suggesting an important role of the mesolimbic DA system in opioid reward and addition-relation behavior. Furthermore, opioid-induced molecular and cellular plasticity in VTA GABAergic synapses onto DA neurons have been correlated with learning and drug memory, and therefore, it has been suggested that this type of neuroplasticity might promote compulsive opioid-taking and opioid-seeking behavior (Langlois and Nugent, 2017; Mazai-Robison and Nestler, 2012).
Dopamine D3 receptor-based medication development for the treatment of opioid use disorder: Rationale, progress, and challenges
2020, Neuroscience and Biobehavioral ReviewsCitation Excerpt :In addition, the non-selective DA antagonists alpha-flupenthixol and haloperidol significantly decrease cocaine, but not heroin, self-administration (Ettenberg et al., 1982; van Ree and Ramsey, 1987), suggesting that cocaine and heroin rewards are mediated by different mechanisms. In addition, morphine can be self-administered directly into the NAc by rats and mice (Amalric and Koob, 1985; David and Cazala, 2000; Olds, 1982) and intra-NAc microinjections of the peripherally limited opioid antagonist methylnaloxonium can block heroin-induced hyperlocomotion in rats (Amalric and Koob, 1985). In contrast, pharmacological blockade or downregulation of NAc dopamine D1 receptors (D1Rs) attenuates cocaine but not heroin self-administration (Gerrits et al., 1994; Pisanu et al., 2015).
In vitro and in vivo pharmacological characterization of the synthetic opioid MT-45
2020, NeuropharmacologyCitation Excerpt :Nevertheless, the involvement of the serotonergic system in the sequence of events triggered by mu-opioid receptor excitation cannot be denied, as serotonergic antagonists are able to block hyperlocomotion induced by morphine (Li et al., 2013). Regardless, in our study naloxone was effective in blocking the increase in locomotion induced by morphine and MT-45, based on the accelerod and spontaneous locomotion tests (data not shown) that prove the central role played by mu-opioid receptors in controlling motor performance in mice (Amalric and Koob, 1985; Gurtu, 1990). Interestingly, our data demonstrates that in the drag test the administration of 15 mg/kg of MT-45 decreased the number of steps to 50%, while the same dose of morphine was less effective.
Opioid-induced rewards, locomotion, and dopamine activation: A proposed model for control by mesopontine and rostromedial tegmental neurons
2017, Neuroscience and Biobehavioral ReviewsCitation Excerpt :In addition, morphine infusions into the NAcc, where high densities of opioid receptor subtypes are expressed (Erbs et al., 2015; Kitchen et al., 1997; Mansour et al., 1987) − downstream from dopaminergic synapses − support self-administration in rats and mice (Olds, 1982; David and Cazala 2000). Injections of the opioid antagonist methylnaloxonium into the NAcc, for example, have been shown to block locomotion induced by systemic heroin in rats (Amalric and Koob, 1985). However, while DA is not necessary for opioid-induced locomotion in rats, chronic blockade of dopaminergic transmission by either mesolimbic 6-OHDA lesions (Stinus et al., 1985) or prolonged systemic neuroleptic drugs (Stinus et al., 1986) results in supersensitivity to locomotion induced by NAcc injections of morphine, suggesting that a functional DA system in fact reduces sensitivity to NAcc opioid-induced locomotion.