Effects of chronic nicotine administration of insulin, glucose, epinephrine, and norepinephrine☆
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Nicotine’ actions on energy balance: Friend or foe?
2021, Pharmacology and TherapeuticsCitation Excerpt :A considerable amount of literature exists regarding nicotine's action on energy expenditure. These studies have reported increased energy expenditure in humans and rodents after exposure to cigarette smoke or nicotine (Grunberg et al., 1988; Hofstetter et al., 1986; Martinez de Morentin et al., 2012; Perkins, 1992; Seoane-Collazo et al., 2019). Energy expenditure encompasses obligatory (basal metabolic rate) and facultative (physical activity and thermogenesis) aspects (Cannon & Nedergaard, 2004; Cannon & Nedergaard, 2017; Contreras et al., 2015; Silva, 2006).
Drug-induced stress responses and addiction risk and relapse
2019, Neurobiology of StressCitation Excerpt :Regarding the ANS, naïve or light smokers’ catecholamine response has been mostly documented in animal models, but several human studies have studied the cardiovascular effects of nicotine in nonsmokers. Epinephrine has been reliably shown to increase in a dose-dependent fashion in response to nicotine (Grunberg et al., 1988; Mello, 2010; Morse, 1989; Watts, 1960), particularly under conditions of nicotine self-administration (Donny et al., 2000). Nicotine also increases cardiovascular output in animals (Watts, 1960), a finding that has been replicated in non-smoking humans (Foulds et al., 1997; Perkins et al., 2009).
Impact of chronic nicotine administration on bone mineral content in young and adult rats: A comparative study
2013, European Journal of PharmacologyCitation Excerpt :Nicotine-induced decreases in bone wet weights may, at least in part, contribute to the decreases in body weight in nicotine-treated rats and these results are in agreement with those of previous studies (Hermizi et al., 2007; Ypsilantis et al., 2013). Independent of its bone weight-lowering effect, experimental studies have shown that nicotine reduces body weight by raising the resting metabolic rate and increasing energy expenditure while blunting the expected increase in food intake in response to the increase in metabolic rate (Blaha et al., 1998; Grunberg et al., 1988; Bishop et al., 2004). In this study, the femur, the longest bone in the body which consists mostly of compact (cortical) bone, and the lumbar vertebrae, the largest segments of the movable part of the vertebral column which consist mostly of spongy (cancellous) bone (Iwamoto et al., 2000; Jiang et al. 2007), were chosen to evaluate the effects of nicotine on these two types of bone.
The effects of chronic nicotine on meal patterns, food intake, metabolism and body weight of male rats
2010, Pharmacology Biochemistry and BehaviorSensitivity of young rats to nicotine exposure: Physiological and biochemical parameters
2009, Ecotoxicology and Environmental SafetyCitation Excerpt :In fact, we verified that the decrease of glycogen in rats exposed to 56 days to nicotine was accompanied by liver and body weight reduction. These effects can be related, at least in part, to classical effect of nicotine on adrenergic mechanism, by increase of plasma levels of catecholamine (β-adrenergic effect) (Andersson and Arner, 1993; Grunberg et al., 1988), inducing lypolisis (Andersson and Arner, 2001) and decreasing glycogen synthesis (Liu et al., 2003). Still, it is speculate that the effect of nicotine can be mediated directly through nicotine receptors in the liver reducing glycogen synthesis (Dewar et al., 2002).
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This work was supported by the USUHS Protocol No. 007223. The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private ones of the authors and are not to be construed as official or reflecting the views of the DoD, the USUHS, or Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center.