Short communicationAntagonists at the NMDA recognition site and Mockers of the associated ion channel induce spontaneous tail-flicks in the rat
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General anesthetics selectively modulate glutamatergic and dopaminergic signaling via site-specific phosphorylation in vivo
2007, NeuropharmacologyCitation Excerpt :Interestingly, a sub-anesthetic dose of PCP also increased DARPP-32 T34 phosphorylation, an effect consistent with previous reports that psychotomimetic drugs regulate the DARPP-32 cascade (Svenningsson et al., 2003). The different effects of sub-anesthetic concentrations PCP and ketamine on this site could reflect the lower potency of ketamine for induction of certain NMDA antagonist-related effects (Millan, 1991). We have identified a number of phosphoprotein sites as targets for modulation of glutamatergic and dopaminergic synaptic transmission by general anesthetics in vivo.
Blockade of NMDA receptors in the nucleus accumbens elicits spontaneous tail-flicks in rats
2000, European Journal of PharmacologyCitation Excerpt :This response was mimicked by the NMDA receptor recognition site antagonist, CPP, but not by the glycine B ligand, (+)-HA966, nor by drugs acting at polyamine sites or other potential modulatory sites of the NMDA receptor complex (Millan, 1991). Moreover, AMPA/kainate receptor antagonists and a broad range of pharmacologically diverse motor stimulant drugs are likewise ineffective in provoking spontaneous tail-flick: notably, catecholamine releasers/uptake inhibitors, such as cocaine; direct dopamine receptor agonists, such as apomorphine; μ-opioids such as morphine; hallucinogens such as mescaline; GABA receptor antagonists, such as bicucculine; adenosine receptor antagonists, such as caffeine and muscarinic receptor antagonists, such as scopolamine (Millan, 1991; Millan et al., 1991). These observations suggest that spontaneous tail-flick may provide a useful model for the detection and characterization of drug activity at NMDA receptors in vivo.
NMDA receptor antagonist disrupts acute and chronic effects of methylphenidate
2000, Physiology and BehaviorInduction of spontaneous tail-flicks in rats by blockade of transmission at N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors: Roles of multiple monoaminergic receptors in relation to the actions of antipsychotic agents
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