Differences in pharmacological profiles of a new generation of benzodiazepine and non-benzodiazepine hypnotics
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Effects of hypnotics on obstructive sleep apnea endotypes and severity: Novel insights into pathophysiology and treatment
2021, Sleep Medicine ReviewsCitation Excerpt :Thus, they bind to a greater number of GABAA receptors, which leads to more widespread, non-specific effects on the CNS [67]. This may also explain why z-drugs do not appear to exhibit myorelaxant properties [88,89]. However, recent research indicates that the selectivity of z-drugs is highly dose-dependent and that binding site affinity is also highly variable between z-drugs [86,90].
Involvement of ATP-sensitive potassium channels and the opioid system in the anticonvulsive effect of zolpidem in mice
2016, Epilepsy and BehaviorCitation Excerpt :Zolpidem has approximately 10-fold lower affinity for the α2 and α3 subunit-containing GABAA receptors than benzodiazepines and with no appreciable affinity for α5 subunit-containing receptors [4,5]. There is a consensus among researchers that, except for anxiolytic effects of zolpidem, other effects of zolpidem such as sedation, amnesia, and potential anticonvulsant properties are mainly due to its effect on α1-containing GABAA receptors [1,2,6–10]; however, the exact underlying mechanism of action of zolpidem in increasing seizure threshold has not been completely understood. It is well established that central opioidergic neurotransmission plays a crucial role in modulating seizure threshold [11–15].
CNS depressant and anticonvulsant activities of the alcoholic extract of leaves of Ziziyphus nummularia
2014, Journal of EthnopharmacologyCitation Excerpt :Antiepileptic drugs have been reported to manifest signs of neurological deficit, such as sedation, ataxia, abnormal gait, reduced or inhibited righting reflexes, muscle relaxation and cognitive deficits (Loscher and Schmidt, 1988). Diazepam, which was used as standard, has been reported to produce neurological deficit in anticonvulsant dose (Perrault et al., 1990; Peterson, 1998). Medicinal plants have served as sources of readily accessible, inexpensive and effective medication since the earliest times known to man.
Acute zolpidem administration produces pharmacodynamic and receptor occupancy changes at similar doses
2006, Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior