Effects of methysergide and naloxone on analgesia induced by the peripheral electric stimulation in mice
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Increased Release of Serotonin in the Spinal Cord During Low, But Not High, Frequency Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation in Rats With Joint Inflammation
2006, Archives of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationCitation Excerpt :There was no change in serotonin in response to high-frequency TENS, and there was no change in noradrenaline in response to either low- or high-frequency TENS. Early studies, in animals without tissue injury, show that spinal blockade of serotonin receptors with methysergide prevents low-frequency (20Hz) TENS analgesia.11 However, systemic depletion of serotonin prevents high-frequency TENS analgesia,12 suggesting a role for serotonin outside the spinal cord.
The effect of varying frequency and intensity of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on secondary mechanical hyperalgesia in an animal model of inflammation
2001, Journal of PainCitation Excerpt :However, the analgesia produced by TENS is reduced after spinal transection,28 suggesting a role for descending inhibitory pathways. Peripheral electrical stimulation-induced analgesia is enhanced by administration of L-5-hydroxytryptophan, a serotonin (5-HT) precursor (20 mg/kg, subcutaneously); reduced by depletion of 5-HT; and reduced by the opiate receptor antagonist, naloxone, and the 5-HT receptor blocker, methysergide.28-31 Blockade of opioid receptors in the rostral ventral medulla or the spinal cord prevents the antihyperalgesia by low- and high-frequency TENS.26,32
The stress of a novel environment reduces formalin pain: Possible role of serotonin
1986, European Journal of Pharmacology