Differential inhibition of hepatic morphine UDP-glucuronosyltransferases by metal ions
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Opioid withdrawal behavior in spiny mice: A novel preclinical model of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS)
2021, HeliyonCitation Excerpt :Guinea pigs have been suggested to be a more suitable model for prenatal opioid exposure due to their lengthened gestation, small litter sizes, and precocial pups (Dobbing and Sands, 1970). Additionally, the placental structure and the metabolism of morphine is similar among guinea pigs and humans (Carter et al., 2006; Lawrence et al., 1992; Morrison et al., 2018; Murphey and Olsen, 1993). However, growth and development of the brain occurs much earlier in gestation in guinea pigs compared to humans (Dobbing and Sands, 1979).
Morphine-element interactions – The influence of selected chemical elements on neural pathways associated with addiction
2020, Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and BiologyCitation Excerpt :M6G has a higher affinity for μ receptors than morphine itself, while M3G antagonizes certain effects of morphine and M6G [159,160]. Cadmium influences morphine metabolism and can reduce the synthesis of M3G in vitro and in vivo [161,162]. In a study conducted on male Sprague-Dawley rats, a single dosage of Cd (5 μg/kg i.p.) did not affect morphine glucuronidation; only the accumulation of this element in the body (repeated administrations of 15 μg/kg Cd) had a significant biological effect [162].
Morphine glucuronidation increases its analgesic effect in guinea pigs
2014, Life SciencesCitation Excerpt :We obtained a higher plasmatic ratio in morphine-treated animals (10:1) 1 h after administration. However, higher ratios have also been reported in guinea pig (6.3 ± 1.8) (Lawrence et al., 1992). In addition, the reported ratios were calculated based on the urinary concentrations of M3G and M6G (24-hour urine) and, especially, on in vitro experiments, with several and different sampling times, which may explain the slight differences observed.
Simultaneous measurement of heroin and its metabolites in brain extracellular fluid by microdialysis and ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
2012, Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological MethodsCitation Excerpt :The present UPLC-MS/MS method was successfully applied to determine the brain-ECF concentrations of heroin and metabolites in male SD rats after i.v. injections of 3 μmol (1.3 mg) heroin (Fig. 5). The active metabolite M6G, formed in humans, was not included in the setup since it is not, or only to a lesser extent, metabolized in rodents (Handal, Grung, Skurtveit, Ripel, & Morland, 2002; Lawrence, Michalkiewicz, Morley, Mackinnon, & Billington, 1992; Nagano et al., 2000; Zuccaro et al., 1997). The recovery values for the two animals illustrated in Fig. 5 were 20% and 17% for heroin, 18% and 20% for 6-MAM, 19% and 20% for morphine and for M3G 13% and 15% respectively.
Interactions between morphine and the morphine-glucuronides measured by conditioned place preference and locomotor activity
2009, Pharmacology Biochemistry and BehaviorRespiratory effects of chronic in utero methadone or morphine exposure in the neonatal guinea pig
2008, Neurotoxicology and TeratologyCitation Excerpt :Consequently, daily administration of methadone would be more prone to drug accumulation than morphine requiring different doses for the two drugs in a model of once daily drug administration over a long period of time. Finally, human infants and guinea pig pups, unlike rat or mouse pups, metabolize morphine to both pharmacologically active metabolites, M3G and M6G [23,40], making the guinea pig an excellent model for the present study. Birth weights of pups exposed in utero to methadone or morphine were lower than control pups.