Abstract
Prenatal exposure to alcohol is associated with a cluster of symptoms called Fetal Alcohol Syndrome with a characteristic pattern of neuroanatomy and biochemical changes.
In recent years it has been shown, that stress exposed cells rapidly increase transcription and translation of heat shock protein genes resulting in an increased appearance of these proteins. It has also been found that heat shock proteins, especially the HSP70 family play a role as molecular chaperons maintaining the native conformation of proteins and participating in protein transport in particular cellular compartments. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of chronic matermal alcohol consumption on HSP70 content in the different regions of the brain of the newborn rats as well as to examine in vitro the effect of ethanol on HSP70 content in cultured glial cells.
Chronic maternal ethanol consumption resulted in increased HSP70 in the following regions of developing brain: hippocampus, cerebellum, olfactory bulbs, frontal cortex and septum. Moreover, ethanol applied in vitro, increased HSP70 content in primary astroglial cultures and astrocytes but not in oligodendrocyte cultures. The above described changes may be important in brain maturation and may play a role in Fetal Alcohol Syndrome.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Lemoine, P., Harousseau, H., Borteyru, J. P. and Menvet, I. C. 1968. Les enfants de parents alcooliques. Anomalies observees a propos de 127 cas. Ouest Medical, 21:477–482.
Iones, D. G. and Smith, D. W. 1973. Recognition of the fetal alcohol syndrome in early infancy. Lancet ii:989–1001.
Lallemander-Mezger, V., Pinto, M., Rallu, M., Trigon, S. and Morange, M. 1993. The cellular heat shock response. Pages 209–216, in Siest. G. and Henry J. (eds.),: Biologie prospective. Comptes rendus du 8e Colloque de Pont-a-Mousson. John Libbey Eurotext, Paris, France.
Gambill, B. D., Voos, W., Kang, P. J., Miao, B., Langer, T., Craig, E. A. and Pfanner, N. 1993. A dual role for mitochondrial Heat Shock Protein 70 in membrane translocation of preproteins. J. Cell. Biol. 123:109–117.
Besnard, F., Sensenbrenner, M. and Labourdette, G. 1989. Culture of oligodendrocytes from brain of newborn rat. Pages 136–139,in Alan R. Liss Inc (ed.), A dissection and tissue culture manual of the nervous system, New York, USA.
Adickes, E. D., Mollner, T. J. and Lockwood, S. K. 1988. Closed chamber system for delivery of ethanol to cell cultures. Alcohol Alcoholism 33:377–381.
Laemmli, U. K. 1970. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 227:680–685.
Druse, M. J. 1992. Effect of maternal alcohol consumption on the developing nervous system. Pages 1–30, in Ronald R. Watson (ed.) Alcohol and Neurobiology. CRC Press, Boca Raton, USA.
Lancaster, F. E. 1994. Alcohol and white matter development-a review. Alcoholism Clin. Exp. Res. 18:644–647.
Kimelberg, H. K. and Norenberg, M. D. 1989. Astrocytes. Sci. Am. April:66–76.
Walker, P. D. and Carlok, L. R. 1993. Timing the excitotoxic induction of heat shock protein 70 transcription. NeuroReport 4: 699–702.
Hahn, G. M., Shiu, E. C. and Auger, E. A. 1991. Mammalian stress proteins HSP70 and HSP28 coinduced by nicotine and either ethanol or heat. Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:6034–6040.
Neuhaus-Steinmetz, U., Xu, C., Fracella, F., Oberheitmann, B., Richter-Landsberg, C. and Rensing, L. 1994. Heat shock response and cytotoxicity in C6 rat glioma cells: structure-activity relationship of different alcohols. Mol. Pharmacol. 45:36–41.
Ledig, M., Tholey, G., Megias-Megias, L., Kopp, P. and Wedler, F. 1991. Combined effect of ethanol and manganese on cultured neurons and glia. Neurochem. Res. 16:591–596.
Ledig, M., Megias-Megias, L. and Tholey, G. 1991. Maternal alcohol exposure before and during pregnancy: Effect of development of neurons and glial cells in culture. Alcohol Alcoholism 26:169–176.
Philips, D. E. 1992. Effects of alcohol on the development of glial cells and myelin. Pages 83–108,in Ronald R. Watson (ed.) Alcohol and Neurobiology. CRC Press, Boca Raton, USA.
Miles, M. F., Diaz, J. E. and DeGuzman, V. S. 1991. Mechanisms of neuronal adaptation to ethanol. Ethanol induces HSC70 gene transription in NG108-15 neuroblastoma x glioma cells. J. Biol. Chem. 266:2409–2414.
Randall, C. L. and Anton, R. F. 1990. Perspectives on the patophysiology of fetal alcohol syndrome. Alcoholism Clin. Exp. Res. 8:513–515.
Omar, R. and Pappolla, M. 1993. Oxygen free radicals as inducers of heat shock protein synthesis in cultured human neuroblastoma cells: Relevance to neurodegenerative disease. Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 242:262–267.
Mosser, D. D., Kotzbauer, P. T., Sarge, K. D. and nMorimoto, R. I. 1990. In vitro activation of heat shock transcription factor DNA-binding by calcium and biochemical conditions that affect protein conformation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 87:748–3752, 1990.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Holownia, A., Ledig, M., Copin, JC. et al. The effect of ethanol on HSP70 in cultured rat glial cells and in brain areas of rat pups exposed to ethanol in utero. Neurochem Res 20, 875–878 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00969701
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00969701