Response of Insulin, Glucagon, Lactate, and Nonesterified Fatty Acids to Glucose in Visceral Obesity with and without NIDDM: Relationship to Hypertension

doi:10.1006/mgme.1997.2670

Molecular Genetics and Metabolism

Volume 63, Issue 3, March 1998, Pages 214-223

https://doi.org/10.1006/mgme.1997.2670 Get rights and content

Abstract

Insulin, glucagon, glucose, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), and lactate response to oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT, 75 g glucose) and their correlation with mean blood pressure (BP), were studied in 10 normal subjects (N), 25 subjects with abdominal obesity (O), and 9 subjects with abdominal obesity and IGT or non-insulin-dependent diabetes (OD). O and OD patients, as compared to N subjects, showed increased fasting NEFA, lactate, insulin, and glucagon. NEFA area and insulin total and incremental areas were increased in O and OD (P< 0.001 in all instances). Glucagon total areas were increased only in OD (P< 0.01). Lactate total areas were increased in O (P< 0.001) and in OD (P< 0.01), while lactate incremental area was diminished in O and, even more, in OD subjects (P< 0.001 in both instances) and was inversely correlated with the basal level (P< 0.001). In all subjects as a whole, increase in NEFA area was weakly correlated with total and incremental insulinemic areas (P< 0.05) and more strongly correlated with glucagon and lactate areas (P< 0.01). Conversely, the incremental areas of lactate were negatively correlated with total insulin (P< 0.05), NEFA (P< 0.05), and glucagon (P< 0.001) areas. BP was increased in O (103.62 ± 2.37) and, even more, in OD (109.41 ± 5.22) compared to that seen in N (92.55 ± 0.94 mm Hg), withP< 0.01, and was correlated with fasting insulin (P< 0.01) and glucose (P< 0.05) and, even more, with total (P< 0.001) and incremental (P< 0.01) insulin areas and NEFA areas (P< 0.001). Conversely, BP also was negatively correlated with incremental lactate area (P< 0.01) (similarly to insulin and NEFA area). Our data would suggest that in O and OD patients, insulin resistance is associated with elevated NEFA, insulin and glucagon as well as with high BP. Since NEFA are inhibitors of Na,K-ATPase, they could contribute to elevate BP through the repression of this enzyme (which we have shown previously to be reduced in adipose tissue of obese subjects and correlated negatively with BP).

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^☆: Skou JC, Norby, JGMaunsbach AB, Esmann, M

¹: To whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed. Fax: 095-310899.

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Regular ArticleResponse of Insulin, Glucagon, Lactate, and Nonesterified Fatty Acids to Glucose in Visceral Obesity with and without NIDDM: Relationship to Hypertension☆

Abstract

Lancet

Am J Med

Metabolism

Metabolism

Metabolism

Metabolism

Metabolism

Am J Clin Nutr

J Lipid Res

J Biol Chem

Biochem Med

Steroids

J Clin Epidemiol

Role of insulin resistance in human disease

Diabetes

Hyperinsulinemia: A link between hypertension, obesity and glucose intolerance

J Clin Invest

Abdominal obesity and the metabolic syndrome

Ann Med

Glucose metabolism in obesity: Influence of body fat distribution

J Clin Endocrinol Metab

Abdominal fat and insulin resistance in normal and overweight women: Direct measurements reveal a strong relationship in subjects at both low and high risk of NIDDM

Diabetes

The role of free fatty acid metabolism in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance in obesity and noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

J Clin Endocrinol Metab

The deadly quartet: Upper-body obesity, glucose intolerance, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension

Arch Intern Med

Insulin resistance in essential hypertension

N Engl J Med

Resistance to insulin-stimulated-glucose uptake in patients with hypertension

J Clin Endocrinol Metab

Racial differences and relation between blood pressure and insulin resistance

N Engl J Med

Visceral adiposity, fasting plasma insulin, and blood pressure in Japanese-Americans

Diabetes Care

Insulin resistance in offspring of hypertensive parents

Br Med J

Is insulin the link between hypertension and obesity

Hypertension

Hypertension in diabetic clinic patients and their siblings

Diabetologia

Insulin and blood pressure in obesity

Hypertension

Diabetes and hypertension

Horm Metab Res

Serum insulin and blood pressure in an obese population

Int J Obes

The relationship between blood pressure and plasma insulin in non-obese and obese-diabetic subjects

Diabetologia

Relation of abdominal obesity to hyperinsulinemia and high blood pressure in men

Int J Obes

Effect of obesity and weight reduction in hypertension

Acta Cardiol

Antihypertensive effect of insulin reduction in diabetic-hypertensive patients

Am J Hypertension

Treating insulin resistance in hypertension with metformin reduces both blood pressure and metabolic risk factors

J Intern Med

Obesity and hypertension: Mechanisms and implications for management

JAMA

Workshop III–Insulin resistance: Is it truly the link

Am J Med

In vivo glucose metabolism in obese and type II diabetic subjects with or without hypertension

Diabetes

Resistance to insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in adipocytes isolated from spontaneously hypertensive rats

Diabetes

Regular Article
Response of Insulin, Glucagon, Lactate, and Nonesterified Fatty Acids to Glucose in Visceral Obesity with and without NIDDM: Relationship to Hypertension☆